1st topic

COPY PASTE LANG

Piloting or Pilotage

• Movement from one place to another including coastal waters and

river by means of primitive boats and river craft.
• Also considered the most common method of air navigation, applied
by following a series of landmarks on the ground which is considered
as the course by the pilot when he/she is doing the preflight planning.
Dead reckoning

• Venturing into the sea beyond the range of piloting aids. It includes
keeping of record of estimated distance and direction to allow safe
return of the mariner.
• In the early years of flying, the pilot used this method when flying
over bodies of water, forests or deserts. Basically it is much harder to
navigate using this method since it only considers time, distance and
direction. The pilot must know the distance between the origin and
destination.
References

• https://www.scribd.com/presentation/341256576/1-Fundamentals-of-
Electronic-Navigation-Copy

• https://www.thaitechnics.com/nav/nav_intro.html