Water Chillers and

Air Conditioning Units

Application of Intelligent Systems
for Energy Saving
with the @connectivity
 Application - Chilled Water Plant

Usually,
a chiller provides chilled water
to some air conditioners
to counter-balance the building heat load.
MATRIX - Superchiller HIMOD - chilled water

10°C

15°C

June 2003 3
 Application - Chiller
Liebert Hiross Chillers, still keeping constant the water
flow, allow to:
• modulate compressors power
• function with free-cooling + direct expansion
• use free-cooling only

MATRIX - Superchiller HIMOD - chilled water

10°C

t in g
a
ul 100%
o d
M /25 -
12,5 + Freecooling

15°C 15°C

June 2003 4
 Application - CW air conditioners

Normally in a CW system, each AC unit modulate the

cooling capacity by means of a 3-way valve:

An excess of capacity results in a by-pass of the AC coil.

MATRIX - Superchiller HIMOD - chilled water

10°C

13°C
15°C 15°C

June 2003 5
 Application - opportunities

To obtain more advantages it is necessary:

• To understand the process

•To customize rules for each specific installation

•To activate automatically actions

June 2003 6
 Application - Results

With combined action of intelligent software

and functions of @connectivity

it is possible:

• To optimize the plant resources

• To keep steady desing conditions

• To minimize Energy Consuption

June 2003 7
 Process FULL LOAD
Set Point 15 °C 10 °C
26 25 24 23 22
Room Temperature
Percentage of water in the AC unit

100% NO by-pass 23
23

100% 100%
22……...26 22……...26

70%

25 24

50% 100% 22……...26 100% 22……...26

30% 24
24

100% \ 22……...26 100% 22……...26

0% FULL by-pass

June 2003 8
 Process 50% LOAD
Set Point 12.5 °C 10 °C
26 25 24 23 22
Room Temperature
Percentage of water in the AC unit

100% NO by-pass 23
23
30% 30%
22……...26 22……...26

70%

25 25

50% 22……...26 70% 22……...26

70%

30% 24
24
50% 50%
\ 22……...26 22……...26

0% FULL by-pass

June 2003 9
 Process 50% LOAD
Set Point 13.5 °C 11 °C
26 25 24 23 22
Room Temperature
Percentage of water in the AC unit

100% NO by-pass 23
23
40% 40%
22……...26 22……...26

70%

25 25

50% 80% 22……...26 22……...26

80%

30% 24 24

60% \ 22……...26 60% 22……...26

0% FULL by-pass

June 2003 10
 Process 50% LOAD
Set Point
15 °C
12.5 °C
26 25 24 23 22
Room Temperature
Percentage of water in the AC unit

100% NO by-pass 23
23
50% 50%
22……...26 22……...26

70%

25 25

50% 100% 22……...26

100% 22……...26

30% 24
24

60% \ 22……...26 80% 22……...26

0% FULL by-pass

June 2003 11
 What is @-connectivity

 COMUNICATION
 Company Intranet IP Network
Ethernet

PROCESS KNOWLEDGE
 easy rules to program

PC allows to
monitor all
 INTEGRATION functions of all units
 Belonging to a team: and programming
controlling and exchange info strategy of
from/to @connectivity
all units HPAC / Chiller
June 2003 12
 What is @-connectivity
s
e s sage
is M ai l o
r
em E -m
t or
e sys
T h SMS
ch able e
rea ywher
r
eve

Ethernet
s
ond ition
o r k ing c history
 w meters rnings
a a
par ms & w
r
 al a

TIVITY
TIVITY
Programming rules of the SYSTEM Y!
S
(chiller + cw units) EA e l e
e
ctiv e
c
og -in s interfa
 L aphic
r
G

June 2003 13
 Functions of @connectivity: details
Rules and hierarchies for some or all units
@-connectivity automatically manage all the rules.

 Task: what the system is supposed to do.

 Target Parameters: what parameters should be changed
 Reference Parameters: which parameters should be monitored the verify
the proper functioning

Example of target: Reference Parameters :

• Change chiller setpoint
• Switch the chiller ON/OFF
• Himod status (on/off)
• Himod alarms
• De-humidification
• Ambient Conditions
• Supersaver Mode
• Temp./Humidity Set-Point

June 2003 14
 Some function of @connectivity

“Supersaver” (Energy Saving)

 De-humidification

 Safety Working

 Automatic change of Set-Point

June 2003 15
 Examples of @-connectivity
“Supersaver”
IF heat load decrease:
MATRIX - SUPERCHILLER HIMOD - chilled water
10°C

Instead of keeping a low

setpoint in the Chiller and by-
pass the AC units……

HIGHER Set-Point of Chiller 15°C 20°C

and MATRIX - SUPERCHILLER 15°C HIMOD - chilled water

CONSTANT water flow

> + Freecooling!!! 20°C 20°C

June 2003 16
 Examples of @-connectivity
Dehumidification

IF relative humidity exceeds the rel.hum. set-point:

Several strategies can be applied:

reduce fan speed in the Ac units (lower noise!)

Different priorities The chiller provides water at

depending on the critical the most convenient
rooms and/or parameters temperature for
dehumidification

THUS

allows a more precise control

of humidity.

June 2003 17
 Examples of @-connectivity
Safety Working
IF one unit is in alarm:

Instead of let room temperature

increase……….

Chiller Set-Point is
LOWER
to increase capacity of
others AC units

June 2003 18
 Esempi di @-connectivity
Automatic Change of Set-Point

When there are daily or weekly different requirements of cooling:

MATRIX - Superchiller HIMOD - chilled water

Instead of keeping chiller and AC 10°C

units Set-Point constant….

AC units Set-Point
VARIES
and Chiller set-point follows to
achieve the best efficiency level
possible
15°C 20°C

June 2003 19
Thermodynamic
Analisys
a case study
 One of our installation
CASE STUDY
Verification of actual saving of energy
due to Supersaver function

Installation:
Berlin, Data Centre, Nominal thermal load: 500kW (142TR)
Installed unit:
1 x chiller with free-cooling (MATRIX SBS054);
5 x CW units (Himod 14UC)

Nominal working condition:

Servers Rooms: 24°C, 50%rH,
Water: 10-15°C, 20% glycole
June 2003 21
 Target CASE STUDY

Given:
 the yearly (design) profile of thermal loads

 Measured yearly consumption

Verify:
 Method of calculating the energy consumption that includes all
savings.

June 2003 22
 Given data CASE STUDY

 Profile of thermal load of the data Center

60
Carico term ico annuo

50

40

30

100%
20 80%
60%
10

0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov De c

June 2003 23
 Ipothesys and target CASE STUDY

Let’s assume:
 2 months at 100% of nominal capacity
 6 months at 80% “
 4 months at 60% “

Target:
Calculate the Energy Consumption
and Energy Saving

June 2003 24
 100% Heat Load CASE STUDY

Actual consumption equals the nominal

consumption:
Supersaver makes no difference

The chiller works always at

fixed design set point.

June 2003 25
 Calculation at 100%: Design conditions

June 2003 26
 Electrical Consumption (@100%) CASE STUDY

Obviously, the months having the higher consumption are

those having higher external temperature.

June 2003 27
 Functioning at 80% capacity CASE STUDY

 Standard Installation, no Supersaver

CW units work with water 10/15°C
(and by-pass of exceeding capacity)

 Installation with Supersaver

CW units work with water 12.8/16.8°C
(NO by-pass)
Chiller Set-point: 12,8°C

June 2003 28
 Calculation at 80% with Supersaver

It is sufficient to provide water to CW units at (12.8-16.8°C),

keeping constant the water flow.

June 2003 29
 Electrical Consumption (@80%) CASE STUDY
T ext. System with Supersaver kWh input

System without Supersaver

June 2003 30
 Electrical Consumption (@80%) CASE STUDY

By increasing chiller set-point it is also possible to

use more freecooling, hence even more energy saving.

Freecooling working hours

during 80% capacity period
NO Supersaver WITH Supersaver
2647 h 4406 h

DIFFERENCE
+ 1759 h + 66.45%

June 2003 31
 Functioning at 60% CASE STUDY
 Standard Installation, no Supersaver
CW units work with water 10/15°C
(and by-pass of exceeding capacity)

 Installation with Supersaver

CW units work with water 15.7/18.7°C
(NO by-pass)
Chiller Set-point: 15.7°C

June 2003 32
 Calculation @ 60% capacity CASE STUDY

It is sufficient to provide water to CW units at (15.7-18.7°C),

keeping constant the water flow.

June 2003 33
 Electrical Consumption (@60%) CASE STUDY
T ext. kWh input

NO Supersaver

WITH Supersaver
June 2003 34
 Summarising CASE STUDY

YEARLY CONSUMPTION
EXPECTED ACTUAL
NO Supersaver WITH Supersaver

530689 kWh 449776 kWh 450839 kWh

DIFFERENCE
- 80913 kWh -15.2% -15.0%

@ 0.3 $/kWh:
SAVING: 24'000 USD / year

June 2003 35