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EE428 Industrial Process Control

Dr. Ammar Hasan

Dr. Ammar Hasan SEECS, NUST


Digital Comparators

Dr. Ammar Hasan SEECS, NUST


Digital Comparators

Dr. Ammar Hasan SEECS, NUST


Digital Comparators

Dr. Ammar Hasan SEECS, NUST


Optoelectronic Interface Devices
• Applications that require isolation and
safety

Dr. Ammar Hasan SEECS, NUST


Optoelectronic Interface Devices
Photodiodes
• Fast switching detection
• low output current (50-500 uA)

Dr. Ammar Hasan SEECS, NUST


Optoelectronic Interface Devices
Phototransistor
• Amplifies the current therefore higher
output current due to amplification
• Slower response time

Dr. Ammar Hasan SEECS, NUST


Optoelectronic Interface Devices
Photo SCR
• Can be turned on by either or both the
gate or LED
• Can support high currents

Dr. Ammar Hasan SEECS, NUST


Optoelectronic Interface Devices
Photo Triac
• Allows bidirectional current
• Can support high currents but not as
much as SCR
• Turns on by light, turns off when current
is below a threshold

Dr. Ammar Hasan SEECS, NUST


Digital to analog converters
• Binary weighted D/A converter

Dr. Ammar Hasan SEECS, NUST


Digital to analog converters
• What is the analog output voltage when
a binary 1011 is applied to the binary
weighted D/A converter

Dr. Ammar Hasan SEECS, NUST


Digital to analog converters
• Number of output levels = Vref/2^n-1

Dr. Ammar Hasan SEECS, NUST


Digital to analog converters

Dr. Ammar Hasan SEECS, NUST


Digital to analog converters

Dr. Ammar Hasan SEECS, NUST


Analog to Digital converter

Dr. Ammar Hasan SEECS, NUST


Analog to Digital converter

Dr. Ammar Hasan SEECS, NUST


Analog to Digital converter

Dr. Ammar Hasan SEECS, NUST


Timing Devices
• 555 timer

Dr. Ammar Hasan SEECS, NUST


Timing Devices
• 555 timer

Dr. Ammar Hasan SEECS, NUST


Timing Devices
• 555 timer

Dr. Ammar Hasan SEECS, NUST


Timing Devices
• 555 timer
• Freq:

• Duty cycle:

Dr. Ammar Hasan SEECS, NUST


Timing Devices
555 timer One shot pulse
from microseconds to minutes

Dr. Ammar Hasan SEECS, NUST

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