Chapter 7:

STRATEGIES FOR
WRITING TYPICAL KINDS
OF COLLEGE PAPERS
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WRITING GENRES
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FABLE
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AUTOBIOGRAPHY
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FILM REVIEW
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ESSAY
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DIARY
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LETTER
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FAIRY TALE
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LEGEND
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POEM
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SONG LYRICS
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TEXT MESSAGE
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Newspaper article
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WRITING GENRES
FABLE
ANECDOTE
AUTOBIOGRAPHY
BIOGRAPHY
BOOK/FILM REVIEW
APOLOGY
COMPLAINTS
EXPLANATION
DESCRIPTION
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WRITING GENRES
ESSAY
DIARY
FAIRY TALE
LEGEND
GHOST STORY
POEM
SONG
LETTER
TEXT MESSAGE
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WRITING GENRES
JOKE
ARTICLE
OPINION
MEMORY
PICTURE BOOK
MYTH
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SYNONYMS?

ESSAY COMPOSITION

THEME

PIECE OF
PAPER WRITING
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COLLEGE PAPERS

COLLEGE
PAPERS

ARGUMENTS RESEARCH
- Persuade
PAPERS
 Collect information
 Summarize
 Analyze
 Synthesize
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ARGUMENT OR RESEARCH PAPER?
 Joseph P. Vitta. An Action Research-Based
Report Addressing Lexical Item Listing in the
Sixth Grade Korean EFL Curriculum
 Susan Blackmore-Squires – An Investigation into
the Use of a Blog as a Tool to Improve Writing in
the Second Language Classroom
 Computers are being used more and more in
education and some people believe there will
soon be no role for the teacher in education.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?
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ARGUMENT OR RESEARCH PAPER?
 The idea of going overseas for university study is an
exciting prospect for many people. But while it may
offer some advantages, it is probably better to stay
home because of the difficulties a student inevitably
encounters living and studying in a different culture.
To what extent do you agree or disagree this
statement? Give reasons for your answer.
 Yanpu Zhang. A Study of English Writing by Native
Chinese Freshmen : Teaching English Requires the
Teaching of Culture(s)
 Wang Lin. A Study on Cross-cultural Barriers in
Reading of English
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Writing Assignments
11 A summary of a reading
1

2 A lengthy library research paper

3 A critical response to a reading

4 An exam essay

5 A report on a laboratory experiment

6 A proposal

7 A reflection to a reading
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WRITING GENRES
Length

Purpose

Context
DIFFERENCES
Special Considerations

Source

Writer’s Role

Format & Style

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WRITING SOURCES

Readings (Books, Articles, Websites, etc.)

Memories & Experiences

Direct Observations

Statistical/Quantitative information
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WHICH SOURCES?

Scholar Kyung Kim offers three

suggestions for improving American
high schools. Would her suggestions
have worked at the high school you
attended?
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WHICH SOURCES?

Are most students at your college

liberal or conservative? What about
students around the country?
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WHICH SOURCES?

What qualities generally seem true of

romantic comedy movies that have
been released in the past year?
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Experiences
1 2 3
Memoirs
Personal essays
Create a
What does this Literacy Narratives
vivid sense of - Tell the story of
experience
the how you developed
mean?
experience  How does my as a reader &
Have an writer
experience
expressive or - Be stretched from
illustrate a
literary your earliest
particular idea?
purpose memories to the
present day
Contain more
reflection
 Make the point
more explicitly
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IMPORTANT ELEMENTS

A well-told story

Lively details

Reflection
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ADVICE ON PROCESS

Generating & Drafting

Shaping

Revising & Editing

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MEMOIR

Write a memoir about a trip you took,

whether it was across town or across
the country. The quality of your writing
is more important than how unusual
the trip was.
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LITERACY NARRATIVE

What identified you as a student of

KEUKA program, IS-VNU?
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Writing Prompts
 Start as young as you remember.
 Stop after high school.
 When did you first buy a book?
 When were you first exposed to another
language?
 How early could you remember written words?
 When did the name IS-VNU first come into your
mind?
 What were your favorite books? What topics did
you like to read about?
 ……………
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PERSONAL ESSAY
 Write a paper about a gift you have received in
your life. It must be non-material. Your job is to
explain to your audience why this gift means so
much to you. Provide your own title.
 Your paper should be 150 words in length.
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Definition:
A writing on things you directly and intentionally
see or experience.

Types:
Report
Review / Evaluation
Interpretation
Case study
Ethnography
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 What kind of report do you need to write?

􏰀 A report on a person
􏰀 A report on facilities
􏰀 A report on an event or a visit
􏰀 A report on a course or job
􏰀 A newspaper or magazine report
􏰀 A business report
􏰀 A scientific report
􏰀 Other: .............................................................
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REPORT

1 2 3

Clear Objectivity Proper

description format
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JOURNALIST’S QUESTIONS

WHO WHEN WHAT

WHY
WHERE
HOW
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ORGANIZATION

Events/ Processes
By chronological order
By categories
By topics
Objects
By spatial order
By features

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REVIEWS/ EVALUATIONS

Review = Report + Evaluation

“a reasoned judgment”

Academic source: Presentation,

Performance, Event, Artwork

Non-academic source: Movie, Music

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INTERPRETATIONS
1. Definition:
 Make argument about what something means
or why it is significant
 “Guess the right answer”
2. Process:
 Describing and summarizing
 Analyzing
 Drawing inferences
 Persuading
 “the believing game”  “the doubting game”
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CASE STUDIES

 Case = instance
 Case studies = Careful description & interpretation of
individuals, usually focusing on some sets of
features in relation to a specific situation or issue.
 To do a case study = To form a comprehensive
portrait of people in order to understand them / to
help them.
 People in a case study is SUBJECT.

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CASE STUDIES

Case studies =
 looking at instances
 collecting data
 analyzing information
 reporting the results
 making recommendations or discussing the
implications

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ETHNOGRAPHIES

Definition:
= Situational Case Study
= Field Research
= Comprehensive studies of people interacting
in a particular situation.
Elements:
Thick description
Interpretation
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ETHNOGRAPHIES

The study of people’ s behavior in

naturally occurring, ongoing settings,
with a focus on the cultural
interpretation of behavior

Allow researcher to appear directly in

the contexts to develop grounded theory
based on how people interact and what
really happens in those contexts
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Write about quantitative data/information
1. Reports of data:
 Clear & accurate translations of numbers into
language.
 Judicious selection & summary of data to report.
 Objective reporting.
2. Analyses of data:
 A clear report of data.
 Interpretations, inferences or evaluations of
data.
 Reasoning & support.
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Write about quantitative data/information
Lab reports
A formal way of presenting and discussing the
results of experiments or laboratory
measurements ( in chemistry, physics,
engineering)

Empirical researches
Use direct observations or experiments to
answer a question or test a hypothesis
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Write about quantitative data/information

Qualitative Quantitative

 Deals with description  Deals with numbers

 Can be observed but not
measured
 Gender, socio - economic
status, religious preference,
colors, textures, smells, taste,
appearance, beauty, etc.
 Can be measured
 Scores on achievement
tests, number of hours of
study, length, area,
volume, speed,
temperature, members,
ages, cost, etc.
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Example

E.g. Freshman class E.g. Freshman class

-Qualitative data: -Quantitative data:
 friendly demeanors  672 students
 civic minded  394 girls, 278 boys
 68% on honor roll
 environmentalists
 150 students accelerated
 positive school spirit in mathematics

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How can I write about reading?

Summary Critical response

Analysis /
Interpretation Synthesis
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SUMMARIES
 Definition:
To summarize is to extract the main messages or
central points of a reading & restate them in a
much briefer fashion.
 Elements:
Inclusion of only the source’s main idea.
Proportional summary of the source.
Use of your own word.
Accurate documentation of the original
source.
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CRITICAL RESPONSES
 Definition:
To provide a summary of a source’s main
idea.
To respond to that idea.
 Elements:
A clear & concise representation of the
source.
Statements of agreement, disagreement,
qualified agreement + reasons & evidence.
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Interpretations, Analyses & Syntheses

 Interpretation & Analyses:

To ask what a source “means”.

 Syntheses:
To weave together material from several
sources.
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REPORT
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CRITICAL RESPONSE
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SUMMARY
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ARGUMENT
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