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Aspek Genetik Perkembangan Fungsi Luhur Dan Kesehatan Jiwa
Aspek Genetik Perkembangan Fungsi Luhur Dan Kesehatan Jiwa
PADA GANGGUAN
FUNGSI LUHUR DAN
KESEHATAN JIWA
mRNA Protein
Transcription factors participate in decisions
of determining the generic neural cells such
as neuron or glial cells.
TRANSKRIPSI
Faktor transkripsi akan berikatan dengan
sekuens DNA spesifik yang disebut promoter
sequences (TATA box).
Ikatan ini akan mengundang RNA polimerase
untuk menempel pada titik awal transkripsi.
Faktor transkripsi + RNA polymerase =
kompleks inisiasi transkripsi.
ALZHEIMER
Associated with microglial cells.
Gene for Amyloid precursor proteins is
located in chr 21q.
ALZHEIMER
PARKINSON
SNCA = synuclein, α (non A4 component of
amyloid precursor)
SNCA is the major constituent of Lewy
bodies, the neuropathological hallmark of
Parkinson Disease, and mutations and gene
dosage variations in SNCA cause Parkinson
Disease.
SCHIZOPHRENIA
Schizophrenia is a multifactorial disease.
What is multifactorial disease?
Risk factors:
Prenatal and birth complications
Family history
Body dysmorphia
SCHIZOPHRENIA
Structural abnormalities: smaller prefrontal
cortex and hippocampus; enlarged
ventricles.
Apa peranan genetik dalam timbulnya
keabnormalan tersebut?
SCHIZOPHRENIA
Smaller hippocampus may result from subtle
differences in the level of transcription
factors such as NeuroD, Math1, Lhx.
This genetic limitation may only become
manifest following another developmental
challenge such as gestational infection,
stressors, or toxicant exposure.
SCHIZOPHRENIA
Increased rate among the biological relatives
of patients with schizophrenia.
Modes of inheritance is still unknown.
SCHIZOPHRENIA
One of candidate genes is DISC1.
Its protein has roles: regulating cell
migration, neurite outgrowth, and neuronal
maturation.
Other linkage sites: chromosomes 1q, 5q, 6p,
6q, 8p, 10p, 13q, 15q.
SCHIZOPHRENIA
AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER
Candidate gene:
ENGRAILED-2: causes deficits in Purkinje and
granule neurons in animal models and acts to
control proliferation and differentiation.
cMET: affects migration of GABA
interneurons, leading to imbalances of
excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmissions.
TERIMA KASIH