Style and Point of View of

Narratives,Approaches to Point
of View and Critical Stylistics
Group 7
Fitri Nilam Noviafni
Mahdi Annafra Maulana
Reno Suhermen
Style and point of view of narratives
Point of view is the perspective (or eyes) a
story is told from.
 THERE ARE THREE TYPES OF
POINT OF YOU
1. First person of point of view

Use pronouns : I, my, we, our, me, and us.

The narrator speaks about himself/herself

The narrator is usually also the main character.

Example of Fiction
"It was times like these when
I thought my father, who
hated guns and had never
been to any wars, was the
bravest man who ever
lived."
To Kill a Mockingbird
by Harper Lee
Example of Non-fiction
On behalf of the great state of
Illinois, crossroads of a nation, Land
of Lincoln, let me express my
deepest gratitude for the privilege of
addressing this convention.
Tonight is a particular honor for me
because, let’s face it, my presence on
this stage is pretty unlikely. My
father was a foreign student, born
and raised in a small village in
Kenya. He grew up herding goats,
went to school in a tin-roof shack.
His father -- my grandfather -- was a
cook, a domestic servant to the
British.
Source: american rhetoric.com
2. Second person of point of view

Use pronouns you

The narrator speaks directly to the reader

Rarely used
Example of Fiction
Before the market reopens on
Monday, you’re going to have to
scramble and scheme to cover
your butt, but there’s no way
you can anticipate the baffling
disappearance of a 300-pound
psychic, the fall from grace of a
born-again monkey, or the
intrusion in your life of a
tattooed stranger intent on
blowing your mind and most of
your fuses.
Half asleep in frog pajamas
by Tom Robbins
Example of Non-fiction
Amserdam is a whole lot
more than charming canals
and historic houses. There,
by the beautiful zee, you can
watch diamons being cut,
and do some cutting up of
your own in some of Europe’s
sassiest cabarets
Source: Ads from New York
Times
3. Second person of point of view

Use pronouns like : She, he, it, they, his, he

and their

Most stories use this point of view

Example:

"Their commander was a middle-aged corporal-red-eyed,

scrawny, tough as dried beef, sick of war. He had been wounded
four times-and patched up, and sent back to war.“

–Kurt Vonnegut, Slaughterhouse-Five
 3 types of third person point of
view

1. Third person (Objective)

The narrator knows no characters’ thoughts

2. Third person Limited (Subjective)

The narrator knows one characters’ thoughts

3. Third person Omniscient

The narrator knows all characters’ thoughts
He looked sad. He seemed neveous. He said he didn’t want
to tell his mom that he broke the window. When he finally
told her, she seemed calm

He was sad. He felt neveous. He didn’t want to tell his

mom that he broke the window. When he finally told her,
she seemed calm

He was sad. He felt neveous. He didn’t want to tell his

mom that he broke the window. When he finally told her,
she felt calm
 TYPES OF NARRATIVES

Homodiegetic narrator
• Participates as a character in the story

Heterodiegetic narrator
• Describes he experiences of the characters that appear in
the story in which he/she doesn’t participate

The distinction between heterodiegesis and

homodiegesis can be explored by transposing
the text between first person and third person
modes of narration.
Homodiegetic narrator Heterodiegetic narrator

 I watched talkshow tv....  She watched talkshow tv...

 I studied stylistics...  She studied stylistics...
 I went to Bali last year....  She went to Bali last year...
 APPROACHES TO POINT OF VIEW

THERE AE FOUR COMPONENTS IDENTIFIED BY THE FOWLER-USPENSKY

MODEL OF POINT OF VIEW

1. point of view on the ideological plane

2. point of view on the temporal plane
3. point of view on the spatial plane
4. point of view on the psychological plane
1. Point of View on The Ideological Plane
 Ideology => refers to the matrix of beliefs and to the value
system
 Refers to the way in whicha text mediates a set of particular
ideological beliefs through either character, narratoror
author
 Has wide scope of reference

Example:
2. Point of View on The temporal Plane
 The way relationships of time are signalled in narrative
 Whole series of stylistic techniques such as repetition,
analepsis (flashback), prolepsis (prevision or flashforward)
and duration

Example:
3. Point of View on The Spatial Plane
 Spatial point of view is about the narrative ‘camera angle’
and is a device which has overt grammatical exponents
(explainers) in deixis and in locative expressions

Example:
4. Point of View on The Psychological Plane
 Psychological point of view is a case where the authorial
point of view relies on an individual consciousness

Example:
 Exploring Point Of View in Narrative
Fiction

Modality and style

Modality, which is hat part of language which allows us

to attach expression of beliefs, attitude and obligation to
what we say and write.

Possitive shading

Negative shading

Neutral shading
In the Heathrow cafetaria
What a nuisance! The bally London to Tunis flight had been
delayed, quelle surprise. The tanoy sheepishly attributed
this to the late arrival of an incoming flight. Fog is normally
the problem at this time of year.
I needed a robust coffee, so I felt I had to confront the
busy cafetaria. A lone waitress patrolled the tables.
“What’ll it be? She asked, harassed
“Strong coffee please” I replied
her face tighened in a way tha registeed the request as
uneasonable. She eventually bought to me, in a flowery
mug, a pale grey liquid which I understood was to pass for
filter coffee.
In the Heathrow cafetaria
The Londo to Tunis flight must have been delayed because
the tannoy said something about the late arrival of
another flight. Perhaps it was fog?
I must have been hungry, or maybe thirsty, because I
found myself in a large busy room whose appearance
suggested it was a caffetaria. A woman, in a attire of a
waitress, pattrolled the tables.
“what’ll it be?” she asked, as if harrashed by my presence.
Strong coffe please, I seem to recall saying
Her face tigthtened as though she found my request
unreasanable. She eventually brought to me, in a flowery
mug, a pale grey liquid which must have been filter coffe.
In the heatthrow cafetaria
The london to Tunis flight had been delayed. The tannoy
referred to the late arrival of an incoming flight. I went
into cafetaria. A woman patrolled the tables.
‘what’ll it be?’ she said
‘strong coffe please,’ I said
Her face tightened. She eventually brought me a
mug of coffe