• Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a

potentially life-threatening complication

of diabetes mellitus. KAD is a condition
characterized by metabolic acidosis due
to excessive ketone formation (American
Diabetes Association, 2004)
• Diabetic ketoacidosis is a triad of
hyperglycemia, acidosis, and ketosis
which are seen mainly in patients with
type-1 diabetes. (Samijean Nordmark,
2008)
• Causes of KAD
• Infection: pneumonia, urinary tract
infection, and sepsis. it is known that
white blood cell counts may increase
without an indication of the
underlying infection.
• Non-compliance: due to non-
compliance in doses
• Treatment: new onset of diabetes or
inadequate dose of insulin
• Cardiovascular: myocardial
infarction
• Other causes: hyperthyroidism,
pancreatitis, pregnancy,
corticosteroid and adrenergic
treatment (Samijean Nordmark,
2008)
 Treatment
• The primary treatment of DKA is
with intravenous fluids and insulin.
Depending on the severity, insulin
may be given intravenously or by
injection under the skin