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Topographic Survey Specification For Urban Projects-4
Topographic Survey Specification For Urban Projects-4
Pseudo Node
Overshoot Duplicate Line
Undershoot
Sliver
Boundary Wall
• Single shot NRTK observations are not suitable for survey control
• Must be static observations, for a set period & post processed
Consistency - Output
Cartography
TIN ground model
Sections
Deliverables
CAD,SCC,MX
Raw data
Reports
Main survey report
Correction, reduction and
adjustment details
Station location
Instrument set-up
Digital signing
Consistency – Grid System
Improvement in absolute accuracy from 0.65m to
0.05m if move from IG75 to ITM 0.7 m
GPS Stations
Traverse Stations
Establishing Control
Vertical Control – linear surveys
Hold 1 station fixed to GPS height in middle of network
Double levelling loop between stations using digital levels
AA < ±20mm & RA < ±10mm * k (where k =√ distance in
kilometres) = ±3.9mm @ 150m
Link to Benchmarks not permitted (discontinued by OSi)
Establishing Control
Survey Control Report
Description of observation methodology (Horiz & Vert)
Description of adjustment methodology (Horiz & Vert)
QA checks (SOPs) applied in the field and during
processing
Results - list of deliverables as well as map products
Certification by surveyor that information supplied is
correct & company has Professional Indemnity Insurance
Copy of all raw data in standardised formats
Establishing Control
Survey Control Report
Schedule of results of control stations
4
Establishing Control
Survey Control
Report
Traverse Route
Diagram
GPS Network
diagram
Establishing Control
Survey Control Report
Station error ellipses – quantify
magnitude and orientation metrics
of station accuracies
Establishing Control
Survey Control Report
Standardised location
diagrams for control
stations
Topography
RTK not allowed for surveying topographic features
Density of information
10m on strings for sectioning
10m spot level interval
Redundant measurements – to check & prove
accuracy requirements are achieved
Report – to include info on standard operating
procedures
Quality Control – Sources of error
Gross Errors (blunders - measurement & computation)
Misreading equipment, mis-recording a correct reading,
casualness, verticality of pogo, GPS observations beside
vegetation & buildings, rounding errors, …etc)
Eliminated by using standard operating procedures
Systematic errors (observation bias)
Pattern in observations - causes can be identified, size of error
can be quantified - elimination by equipment calibration & P
Random errors (normal observation errors)
Due to range of different equipment specifications and
observer’s competency - accuracy can be quantified statistically
Quality Control – Check Surveys
Method
Higher order of accuracy
Redundant measurements
No sight of main contract values
Use of independent contractors
Visual inspection for missing detail
Reporting
Check Surveys
Reports
Summaries for control
and detail
Breakdown of errors and
analysis
Problems highlighted
Auditing the digital data
QA check list
Analysing reports
Visual inspection
Topography
Sections
3d surface
Auditing - QA Check list
Naming conventions adhered
to
Model content is correct
No duplicate points
No crossing breaklines
No missing breaklines
Correct data included and
excluded from the TIN
Accurate boundary
Correct annotation
etc….
Auditing – Accuracy and reports
Accuracy tolerances appear to have been achieved
Correct grid system has been used
Check corrections used are consistent
Check model is consistent with raw data
Check all specified items have been delivered
Check all files are digitally signed and check
signatures
Dealing with non-compliant work
Need to enforce the specification
Good for the survey industry : Prices must be based
around meeting the specification, accepting
substandard work defeats competitive tendering
Good for the client : Quality and consistency improve
quickly
Re-submission is at the contractors expense
The survey contractor should complete the QA process
prior to submittal
Non compliant work should be rejected
Using the specification (Contractor)
Training
User guide
Rationale behind specific items
Using SCC to complete such items
Discussion of absolute and relative accuracy
Using SCC to process check surveys
Analysis of failed check surveys
Using the specification (Contractor)
Field tools
Onboard feature
libraries
Leica
Trimble
PocketDTM
SCC
Using the specification (Client)
Training Cost expectation
Recommended usage QA implications for
Check your requirements additions
Accuracy Tools
Content SCC
New features by group Crystal reports
and category
Output formats
Grid
Results to date
Marked improvment in quality of delivered surveys
Errors discovered by QA process
Inconsistent application of scale
Accuracy shortfalls
Incorrect naming
GPS height processing
Failure to provide all necessary data
Missing services
Revisions to specification based on results
Support for GPS control
Changed accuracy statement
Standardising of reports
Additional reports
Distribution of first release
Intended audience
Local authorities
Surveying bodies
Engineers
Survey contractors
500 printed copied, 1,000 electronic copies
Communications with RICS and TSA
Available electronically from Dublin City Council
http://www.dublincity.ie/RoadsandTraffic/QBNProject
Office/Pages/TopographicSurveySpecification.aspx
Enhancements moving forward
Moving to open standards
LandXML
Broadly supported by a wide range of land survey and civil
engineering packages
Used internationally
See http://www.landxml.org/ for further information