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PERIODIC TABLE

CHEMISTRY

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STRUCTURE OF AN ATOM

(Chang, 2008, h. 51)

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ATOMS, MOLECULES, ELEMENTS, AND

COMPOUNDS
• Atoms are the smallest particles of any elements
that is still that element.
• Molecules are substance that consist of two or
more atoms.
• Elements are substance that consist of only one
type of atoms.
• Compounds are substance that consist of two or
more atoms of different elements.
• Ions are atoms or molecules that have a positive
or a negative charge.
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Cont’d...
• Atoms : H, O, N, F
• Elements : N2, H2, S8
• Compounds : H20, NH3, HF
• Ions : Na+, NH4+, Cl-, SO42-
Water molecule

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PERIODIC TABLE

(Chang, 2008, h. 51)

Elements ordered based on increasing atomic number and mass number.

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TYPES OF ELEMENTS
Metals Non-metals
• Lustrous • Dull
• Good conductors • Poor conductors
• High melting and boiling point • Low melting and boiling point
• High density • Low density
• Malleable • Non-ductile
• Ductile • Non-sonorous
• Sonorous • Brittle
• Mostly solids at room • Solids, liquids, or gasses at
temperature room temperature

Metalloids have low degree of metallic properties

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SIMPLE ELEMENT SYMBOL

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• Atomic number shows the number of protons in the nucleus.

• Mass number shows the number of protons and neutrons in
the nucleus.

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COMPLETE ELEMENT SYMBOL

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GROUPS AND PERIODS

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• Groups are columns in periodic table consists of elements with similar properties.
• Periods are rows in periodic table consists of elements with the same number of
electron shells.

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NAMES OF THE GROUPS

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GROUP 1A - HYDROGEN + ALKALI METALS

H = Hydrogen • Hydrogen is the only non-

metal gaseous element
Li = Lithium • Soft metals (can be cut with
Na = Sodium a knife)
• Low melting points
K = Potassium
• Low densities
Rb= Rubidium • React with water to produce
Cs = Caesium metal hydroxide and
hydrogen gas
Fr = Francium • Reactivity increases down
the group

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GROUP 2A - ALKALI EARTH METALS

Be= Beryllium • Soft metals (can be cut

with a knife)
Mg = Magnesium
• Low melting points
Ca = Calcium • Low densities
Sr = Strontium • React with water to
Ba = Barium produce metal hydroxide
and hydrogen gas
Ra = Radium (except Be)
• Reactivity increases
down the group

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GROUP 3A
B = Boron • Soft metals
Al = Aluminium • Low melting points
• Low densities
Ga= Gallium
• Don’t react with water
In = Indium to produce metal
Tl = Thallium hydroxide and hydrogen
gas

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GROUP 4A
C = Carbon • C is non-metal
Si = Silicon • Si and Ge are metalloids
• Sn and Pb are soft
Ge = Germanium
metals
Sn = Tin – Low melting point
Pb= Lead – Low boiling point

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GROUP 5A
N = Nitrogen • N is non-metal gaseous
element
P = Phosphorous
• N and P are non-metals
As = Arsenic
• As and Sb are
Sb = Antimony metalloids
Bi = Bismuth • Bi is soft metal
– Low melting point
– Low boiling point

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GROUP 6A
O = Oxygen • O is non-metal gaseous
element
S = Sulfur
• O and S are non-metals
Se = Selenium
• Te and Po are
Te = Tellurium metalloids
Po= Polonium

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GROUP 7A - HALOGENS
F = Fluorine • F and Cl are non-metals
gaseous elements
Cl = Chlorine
• Br is non-metal liquid
Br = Bromine element
I = Iodine • I is non-metal solid
At = Astatine element
• Reactivity decreases
down the group

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GROUPS 0A - NOBLE GASSES

He= Helium • Contains non-metal
gaseous elements
Ne = Neon
• Very unreactive
Ar = Argon
• Density increases down
Kr = Krypton the group
Xe = Xenon • Colorless
Rn= Radon • Odorless

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THANK YOU

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