Overhead Crane Safety &

inspector

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About Crane Institute of America

Crane Institute of America is the nation’s leading provider of

training services to the lifting industry. We offer a wide
variety of safety programs for operators, supervisors, and
inspectors of mobile cranes, overhead cranes, and offshore
cranes, as well as rigging and other lifting equipment
including forklifts and aerial lifts. Train-the-trainer programs
for those wishing to set up or enhance their own training
programs are also available.

Our team of instructors is among the most qualified in the

industry and our presentations are consistently acclaimed
both for the quality and breadth of their content and their
motivational style.

Crane Institute of America seminars are offered at cities

across the country. Alternately, we can tailor a program to
your specific needs and equipment and present it at your
company’s facility.

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Seminar Objectives

 Instruct participants in the recognition

and avoidance of unsafe conditions
associated with overhead cranes.

 Fulfill OSHA and Industry training

requirements.
 Enable companies to perform their own
in-house OSHA and ANSI/ASME crane
inspections.
 Equip inspectors to properly identify
immediate and potential hazards and
prescribe corrective actions.
 Reduce employers liability exposure
through training and certification.

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Course Objectives

SAFETY
The act or process designed to
eliminate risk or danger from an
environment.

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Course Objectives

Remember,
learning has not
taken place
until behavior
has changed.

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Training Focus

UNDERSTANDING,
INTERPRETING &
APPLYING
STANDARDS & REGULATIONS.

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WHY TRAIN OPERATORS AND
INSPECTORS?

 Accident Prevention
 Limit Liability Exposure
 OSHA Citation

 Civil Penalties
 Criminal Charges
 Crane Rating based on
Structural Strength

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Accident Prevention
? ? MENTAL
? ?
? ? Wrong Attitude
Way crane is perceived.

Wrong Assumptions
Takes little skill to operate.

PHYSICAL

Wrong Actions
Allows unqualified personnel
to operate cranes.

AC C ID EN T S

Accident Prevention takes place first in

the mind. Thinking has to change!

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Accident Prevention
Overhead Bridge & Gantry Accidents
With Serious Injury and Death

37% Electrocution
(70% crane maintenance
personnel)

32% Hit by Crane

or Load 10% Rigging Failure
5% Two Blocking

5% AL Crushed
11% Misc.

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OSHA Citation

$7,000 for serious violations

$70,000 for willful violations
Can use egregious multiplier

(Big Blue accident citation $500,000)

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Civil Penalties

Final Big Blue Accident Settlement

$108,000,000

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Criminal Charges

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Crane Rating based on
Structural Strength
Causes of Overhead Crane
Load Releases
80
70
Overload 53%
60
50 Two Blocking
40 37%

30 Over-capacity
20 Lift 35% Rope Damage
Load Hang-up 33%
10
Miscellaneous
28% Other Causes 8% Drive Train Failure 6%
0

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CRANE GROUPS

Fixed Capacity:
Load equals weight on hook

Variable Capacity:
Load equals weight on boom

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OVERHEAD CRANE TYPES
HOISTS
Electric Chain Hoist Electric Wire Rope Hoist

Air Powered Hoist

Manual Chain Hoist

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OVERHEAD CRANE TYPES
UNDERHUNG

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OVERHEAD CRANE TYPES
UNDERHUNG

Wall Mounted Jib

Cantilevered Jib

Pedestal Jib

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OVERHEAD CRANE TYPES
UNDERHUNG

Monorail

Bridge Crane

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OVERHEAD CRANE TYPES
TOP RUNNING

Double girder bridge crane

Single girder bridge crane

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OVERHEAD CRANE TYPES
TOP RUNNING

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OVERHEAD CRANE TYPES
TOP RUNNING
Gantry Crane

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Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector Safety Survey

Instructions:
Answer as many questions as you can.
Skip the ones you don’t know.

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Standards
Without a standard for
straightness, this flag pole
could be called straight.

Definition of a standard:

...set up and established by

authority as the rule for the
measure of quantity,
weight, extent, value or
quality.

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Government Regulations

1. OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration)

a. Construction Industry, Code of Federal
Regulations (CFR) 1926.550
b. General Industry (CFR) 1910.179
c. Shipbuilding, Longshoring and Marine
Terminals CFR 1917, 18 and 19

2. MSHA (Mine Safety and Health Administration)

3. DOE (Department of Energy)

4. NRC (Nuclear Regulatory Commission)

5. USAC (US Army Corps of Engineering)

6. California OSHA

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OSHA Regulation Divisions

 Construction: New construction,

repair & demolition.
 General Industry: Everything not
construction or specifically
handling raw material or finished
product.
 Applications: Most mobile cranes
are used in construction.
 Note: Rule of predominant use. If a
crane is used in construction most of
the time but sometime in general
industry, it would still be inspected to
construction requirements.

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OSHA Regulations

History:
• OSHA created by the Occupational Safety
and Health Act of 1970

Purpose:
• To assure safe and healthful working
conditions for working men and women

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Voluntary Industry Standards

History:
• ASME created Safety Standard for Cranes in
1916.
• USAS B30.2 Overhead and Gantry Cranes
• Currently ASME B30.2 is revised annually.

Purpose:
• Guard against & minimize injury to workers by
prescribing safety requirements.
• Provide direction to equipment owners,
employers & supervisors.
• Guide regulatory bodies.

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Incorporation by Reference
Construction

Industry Standard Incorporated by Reference

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OSHA Compliance
General Industry

i on&
tr uct ion
ns at
Co stall
In

Industry Standards, Incorporated by Reference

have the same force as law
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Levels of Inspection

= Provide the SAFEST crane that is

GOAL reasonably and practically possible.

B30.11 covers underhung cranes

B30.16 covers hoists

1926.550, 1910.179 & B30.2

apply to top running bridge
and gantry cranes.

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Operator Qualification
and Credentials

 ANSI: Designated person - A person who is

selected or assigned by the employer or
the employer’s representative as being
qualified to perform specific duties.

 Qualified person - A person who, by

extensive knowledge, training and
experience, has successfully demonstrated
his ability to solve and resolve problems
related to the subject matter and work.

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CIA Requirements for Operator
Qualification and Certification

 Complete a four day OCI Training

Program
 Document three years overhead
cranes and hoists experience
 Pass a physical examination where
applicable
 Make a passing grade of at least
80% on CIA examination

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CIA Requirements for Recertification

 Remain physically capable to

perform all aspects of crane
inspection
 Complete a one day Recertification
Program every two years
 Not found responsible for a crane
accident resulting from operation
 Not cited by OSHA or other
authority for failure to properly
operate crane

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Benefits of Certification

 Satisfy OSHA and ANSI’s

requirement for demonstration of
competency and qualification
 Documentation and verification in
case of litigation
 Mandatory certification may be
required in the future by OSHA
and Industry

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Inspector Qualification
and Credentials

 ANSI: Designated person - A person who is

selected or assigned by the employer or
the employer’s representative as being
qualified to perform specific duties.

 Qualified person - A person who, by

extensive knowledge, training and
experience, has successfully demonstrated
his ability to solve and resolve problems
related to the subject matter and work.

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CIA Requirements for Inspector
Qualification and Certification

 Complete a four day OCI Training

Program
 Document three years overhead
cranes and hoists experience
 Be physically capable of performing
all aspects of crane inspection
 Make a passing grade of at least
80% on CIA examination

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CIA Requirements for Recertification

 Remain physically capable to

perform all aspects of crane
inspection
 Complete a one day Recertification
Program every two years
 Be not found to be responsible for
a crane accident resulting from
inadequate inspection
 Not cited by OSHA or other
authority for failure to properly
inspect or keep proper records

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Benefits of Certification

 Satisfy OSHA and ANSI’s

requirement for demonstration of
competency and qualification
 Documentation and verification in
case of litigation
 Mandatory certification may be
required in the future by OSHA
and Industry

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Mandatory and Advisory Rules

Shall this word indicates that the rule

is mandatory and must be
followed.

Should this word indicates that the rule

is a recommendation, the
advisability of which depends
on the facts in each situation.

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Key Factors in a Safe Lift

Vertical
Hoist
Lines

Smooth
Controlled
Movements

Freely Suspended
Known Weight

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Other Factors in a Safe Lift

Vertical
Correct Reeving Hoist
Lines

Safe Load Blocks

and Hooks

Smooth
Controlled
Correct Use of Slings Movements
and Rigging

Center of Gravity Freely Suspended

Known Weight

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Fixed Capacity Cranes
Hoists

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Dynamic Loading
1. Shock
2. Side
3. End
Examples of Each

No Forces Forces:

STATIC Hoisting/Lowering
Swinging Out
Traveling
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Canceling Load Swing
Move to the Load

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FIXED CAPACITY CRANES
Types of Wire Rope Drums

End Anchors (40% Capacity)

1. Tab End Connection
2. Wedge End Connection
3. Key Hole
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FIXED CAPACITY CRANES
Monorail

Are a
rk
Wo

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FIXED CAPACITY CRANES

Bridge

Work Area

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FIXED CAPACITY CRANES
Gantry

2 0 T o n

2 0
Ton

Work Area

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Overhead Hoist Components

5 3
10 1
7 8
4 6
2 9

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Underhung Bridge Crane Components

4 10
11 8
9 1
3 5
6 12
7 2
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Cab-Operated Bridge Crane Components

9 1
8 2
5 6
4 3
10 7

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Gantry Crane Components

8 5
4 6
7 10
9 1
2 3
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Operating Procedures
Cab Controls

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Overhead Crane Hand Signals

___Trolley
5 Travel ___Stop
7
___Emergency
8 Stop ___Magnet
9 is Disconnected
___Hoist
1 ___Bridge
3 Travel
___Lower
2 ___Move
6 Slowly
___Multiple
4 Trolleys
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Signal Lights

A common three-light system would be:

GREEN LIGHT - The crane is energized and under operator control. Boarding, leaving or bumping is
prohibited. Pushing the crane is allowed with operator permission.

RED LIGHT - To be used when inspection, maintenance or repairs are being performed. Bumping or
pushing the crane is prohibited, except for troubleshooting or testing. The main power disconnect is open.

YELLOW LIGHT - Board or leave the crane with caution. The crane is not under operator control and
may be pushed with caution. BLUE LIGHT - Magnet is off.

If no status light is burning the crane shall be considered not available for operation and shall not be
pushed or boarded until permission is granted by the authorized person.

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Normal Boarding Procedures
Contact operator

Yellow light
Crane at boarding platform
Operator our of cab

Returning to service

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Maintenance Boarding Procedures

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Maintenance Boarding Procedures

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Emergency Egress

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Emergency Egress

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Fire Safety

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Instructions

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Magnet Operating Rules

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Magnet Inspection

Power Cable

Plugs

Safety Latch

Power Cable
Chains
Terminal Box
Fittings

Bull Ring

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Instructions

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Inspection Requirements
 Initial
 New, altered, repaired
 Baseline measurements
 Pre-operational by designated person
 Functions
 Safety devices
 Visual
 Monthly on critical items by designated
person
 Hooks, ropes, chains, brakes, etc.
 Annual - periodic - by designated person
or accredited by US-DOL
 Frequent - pre-op
 Periodic - monthly

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Recordkeeping Requirements

 Initial: not specified

 Pre-op: not specified
 Monthly: certification record
 Annual: most recent

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Accident Prevention
Causes of Overhead Crane
Load Releases

80
70
Overload 53%
60
50 Two Blocking
40 37%

30 Over-capacity
20 Lift 35% Rope Damage
Load Hang-up 33%
10
Miscellaneous
28% Other Causes 8% Drive Train Failure 6%
0

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Areas of Inspection

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Method of Inspection

Visual Audible
(Seeing) (Hearing)

Olfactory
(Smelling) Test

Tactile
(Touching)

Measurement

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Runway Girders and Supports
Class A and B

CMAA DUTY CYCLE CLASSIFICATION

Class Duty Service

A Infrequent Use

B Light

C Moderate

Bolts in D Heavy
Sheer
E Severe

F Continuous Severe

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Runway Girders and Supports
Class A, B, C and D

CMAA DUTY CYCLE CLASSIFICATION

Class Duty Service

Bolts in
Tension
A Infrequent Use
Bolts in
Sheer B Light

C Moderate

D Heavy
Bolts in
Tension
E Severe

F Continuous Severe

Seat

Bolts in
Sheer

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Runway Girders and Supports
Class D, E and F
CMAA DUTY CYCLE CLASSIFICATION

Class Duty Service

Bolts
A Infrequent Use

B Light

C Moderate

Bolts
D Heavy

E Severe

F Continuous Severe

Bolts

Bolts

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Drums

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Drums

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Drums

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Drums

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Drums

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Load Block Inspection
WIRE ROPE
SHEAVES

UPPER TIE BOLTS

CENTER PIN

HOOK NUT LOWER TIE BOLTS

THRUST BEARING
HOOK HOUSING

TRUNNION PIN

HOOK LATCH

HOOK

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Hook Inspection







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Sheave Inspection
Groove Conditions

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Sheave Inspection
Sheave Guard
Properly Matched Rope

Groove Damage

Flange Taper
Cracks, Deformation, Defects

Alignment Bearing / Bushing Play

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Drum Grooving

Wear specification 25% of rope diameter

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Center Bridge Drive

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Independent Bridge Drive

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Trolley Drive

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Hoist System

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Gear Tooth Inspection

Superficial
Cracks

End Loading

Proper Wear
Pattern

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Hydraulic Brake System

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Shoe Brake

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Runway Span

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CMAA Span Specifications

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Wear

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Trolley Rail Splice Gap

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Clamps and Bolts

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Clamp Clearance

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inspector
Wheel to Rail Relationships

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc. Rev. 07-30-02
9
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector
Flat Tread Wheel

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc. Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector
Tapered Tread Wheel

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc. Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector
Rail and Flange Wear

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc. Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector
Wear

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc. Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector
Wheel Spacing

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc. Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector
Beam Wear

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc. Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector
Typical Controllers

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc. Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc. Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector
Accident Statistics
A statistical summary made by OSHA
of over 1000 crane accidents
involving damage to equipment found
poor rigging or slings to be the cause
in 34% of cases.

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc. Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector
RIGGING RULES FOR
OVERHEAD CRANES
 Know the weight of the load.
 Make load attachments above center of gravity.
 Select hitch that will hold and control load.
 Know rated capacities of slings and rigging hardware.
 Select sling best suited for load.
 Inspect all rigging gear prior to use.
 Allow for increased tension caused by sling angles.
 Allow for low D/d ratios on wire rope.
 Only use alloy chain when chain is used.
 Attach tag lines prior to lift if required.
 Keep personnel clear of lift area.
 Start and stop slowly.
 Watch for obstructions.
 Use proper hand signals.
 Maintain load controls.
 Do not forget the law of gravity.
Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc. Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc. RB p.15

Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector

WIRE ROPE • Basic Components

wire

core
wire rope
strand
center wire

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc.

RB p. 1
Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector

Reduction in Diameter

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc.

RB p. 1
Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector
WIRE ROPE
Lays

Regular Lay

In regular lay ropes, wires appear to run parallel

to the axis of the rope. It has good resistance to
kinging, crushing and distortion.

Lang Lay

Wires in lang lay ropes are laid in the same

direction as the strands. Outside wires
provide good resistance to abrasion.

Alternate Lay

Regular lay and lang lay strands are alternately

laid around the core.

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc.

RB p. 8
Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector
WIRE ROPE • Classification
6 X 19 Classification

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc.

RB p. 2
Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector
WIRE ROPE • Grades

• Extra Extra Improved Plow Steel (EEIPS)

10% Strength Increase over (EIPS)

• Extra Improved Plow Steel (EIPS)

15 % Strength Increase over (IPS)

• Improved Plow Steel (IPS)

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc.

RB p. 5
Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector
WIRE ROPE • Cores
Basic Cores

Fiber Core (FC)

Independent Wire Rope

Core (IWRC)

Wire Strand Core (WSC)

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc.

RB p. 6
Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector
WIRE ROPE • Lays

Right Left
Lay Lay

Lay Length

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc. RB p. 7

Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector
WIRE ROPE • Lay

Rotation Resistant Ropes

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc.

RB p. 10
Rev. 07-30-02
1
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inspector
WIRE ROPE • Special Ropes

Compacted Strand Wire Rope

Flattened Strand Wire Rope

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc.

RB p.10
Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
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WIRE ROPE • Measurement

Right Wrong
Across Crowns Across Flat Areas

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc.

RB p. 16
Rev. 07-30-02
1
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WIRE ROPE • Seizing and Cutting

Preformed Ropes

Non-Preformed or Rotation Resistant

Ropes

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc.

RB p. 11
Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector
WIRE ROPE • Anchorage Point

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc.

RB p. 12
Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector

WIRE ROPE • Winding onto Drum

Always reel from top to top Never reel from top to bottom
or from bottom to bottom. or from bottom to top.

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc.

RB p. 12
Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector
WIRE ROPE • Clips
live line

dead end
Right way: saddle on live end

Wrong way: clips staggered

Wrong way: clips reversed

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc.

RB p. 20
Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector
WIRE ROPE • Wedge Sockets
Right Wrong Tail Length
Minimum 6 rope
diameters not less
dead than 6 inches
end
live
end

Core
Slippage

Rotation Resistant Ropes

Minimum 20 rope diameters

not less than 6 inches
Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc.
RB Rev.
p. 07-30-02
25 & 26 1
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector
WIRE ROPE • End Attachments
Wedge Sockets
Wrong Right
extra piece loop back extended
of rope method wedge
method method

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc.

RB p 27
Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector
HARDWARE • Hooks • Application

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc.

RB p. 95
Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
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HARDWARE • Hooks • Inspection
Hooks must be inspected by a competent person and removed
from service when any of the following conditions exist:

• Cracks, nicks or gouges.

• Twist exceeding 10° from plane of unbent hook.
• Latch engagement, damage or malfunction.
• Throat opening exceeding 15%.
• Wear exceeding 10% of original dimension.
• Damage from heat.
• Unauthorized repairs.

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc.

RB p. 97
Rev. 07-30-02
1
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inspector
HARDWARE • Shackles

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc.

RB p. 98
Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector
Hardware - Shackles - Application

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc. RB p. 99

Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector
Hardware - Shackles - Application

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc. RB p.100

Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector
Hardware - Shackles - Application

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc.

RB p 102
Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
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Hardware • Shackles • Inspection
 Absence of capacity
or identifying marks

 Bent or distorted pin

and/or body
wear

 Nicks, gouges or cracks pin

distortion

 Heat or chemical damage

 Body spread

 Reduction in diameter spread

of pin and/or body
shoulder
flush

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc. RB p 103

Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
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HARDWARE • Eyebolts • Types
Shouldered Shouldered Non-Shouldered
with Nut Machinery with Nut

Non-
shouldered eye
bolts are only
designed for
vertical loads.

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc.

RB p 105
Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
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HARDWARE • Eyebolts • Installation
For angular loading, shouldered eye bolts must
always be positioned to take the load in the plane
of the eye.

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc.

RB p 106
Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
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HARDWARE • Eyebolts • Application

It is recommended that
shouldered type eye
bolts not be used at 30°
and below

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc. RB p110

Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector
HARDWARE • Hoist Rings
Application

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc. RB p 115

Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector

Procedures - Determining Load Weight

cylinder
weight

+ = estimated
weight

block
weight

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc.

RB p 131
Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector
PROCEDURES • Center of Gravity

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc.

RB p 137
Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector
PROCEDURES • Handling Loads
Softeners

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc.

RB p 138
Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
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PROCEDURES • Handling of Loads
• Lifting Beams

Rigid Beam
Fixed lift
points

Spreader Beam

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc. RB p 145

Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector
PROCEDURES • Handling of Loads
Tag Lines

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc.

RB p 147
Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
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Slings • Hitches
The method in which a sling is rigged or
attached to a load is referred to as a hitch.

Basic Hitches
Vertical Vertical Choker
Basket

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc.

RB p. 39
Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector
SLINGS • Hitches
Double Wrap Basket Hitch

A double wrap hitch compresses

the load which makes it excellent
for lifting loose materials.

When wrapping the

sling around the load, make sure
that the sling is not wrapped over itself.

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc.

RB p. 44
Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector
SLINGS • Sling Angles

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc.

RB p. 49
Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
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SLINGS • Calculating Sling Loading

Steps:
1. Determine sling angles. (45°)
2. Go to 2-leg bridle capacity column at 45°
3. Select 2-leg bridle with capacity equal to or greater
than load to be lifted. (½ inch rope diameter at 3.6 tons)

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc.

RB p. 50
Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector
SLINGS • Calculating Sling Loading

Steps:
1. Determine sling angles. (45°)
2. Select corresponding
Load Angle Factor. (1.414)
3. Multiply load weight by
Load Angle Factor to get
total load on sling legs.
(2000 lbs x 1.414 = 2828)

4. Divide total load by the

number of sling legs.
(2828 lbs ÷ 2 = 1414 lbs per sling leg)

5. Select slings from the single vertical leg column

within the sling capacity table.

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc.

RB p. 51
Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector
SLINGS • Calculating Sling Loading

Steps:
1. Divide length by height to get Load Angle Factor.
( 6 ft ÷ 4 ft = 1.5)

2. Multiply Load Angle Factor by load weight to get

total load on sling legs.
( 1.5 x 2000 lbs = 3000 lbs)

3. Divide total load by number of sling legs to get

load on each sling leg.
( 3000 lbs ÷ 2 = 1500 lbs per sling leg)

4. Select slings from the single vertical leg column

within the sling capacity table.

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc.

RB p. 52
Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc. Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc. Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc. Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc. Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc. Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc. Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc. Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc. Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc. Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc. Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc. Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc. Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc. Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc. Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector
Rigger’s Capacity Card

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc. Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector

Rigger’s Capacity Card

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc. Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector

Rigger’s Capacity Card

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc. Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector

Rigger’s Capacity Card

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc. Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector
Rigging Problems

3/8"

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc. Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector
Rigging Problems

3/8"

5/16"

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc. Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector
Rigging Problems

3/8"

5/16"

1/2"

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc. Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector
Rigging Problems

1/2"

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc. Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector
Rigging Problems

3/8"

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc. Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector
Rigging Problems

3/8"

3/4"

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc. Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector
Rigging Problems

3/8"

3/4"

1"

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc. Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector
Rigging Problems

4"

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc. Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector
Rigging Problems

4"

1/2"

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc. Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector
Rigging Problems

4"

1/2"

3/4"

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc. Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector
Rigging Problems

6"

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc. Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector
Rigging Problems

7/16"

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc. Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector
Determining Sling Loading
STEPS:
1. Determine sling angle
2. Select corresponding Load Angle Factor
3. Multiply weight of the load by Load Angle
Factor to get total load on sling legs.
4. Divide total load by number of sling legs.

1. Sling angle = 60°

2. Load Angle Factor = 1.155
3. 6,500 X 1.155 = 7,508

4. 7,508 ÷ 2 = 3,754 pounds per sling leg

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc. Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector
Rigging Problems

7/16"

1/2"

3,754

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc. Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector
Rigging Problems

7/16"

1/2"

1"

3,754

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc. Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector
Rigging Problems

7/16"

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc. Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector
Rigging Problems

7/16"

1. Sling angle = 45°

2. Load Angle Factor = 1.414
3. 4,500 X 1.414 = 6,363

4. 6,363 ÷ 2 = 3,182 pounds per sling leg

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc. Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector
Rigging Problems

7/16"

1/2"

3,182

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc. Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector
Rigging Problems

7/16"

1/2"
1 1/4"

3,182

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc. Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector
Rigging Problems

3/8"

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc. Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector
Rigging Problems

3/8"

1. Sling angle = 65°

2. Load Angle Factor = 1.104
3. 10,000 X 1.104 = 11,040

4. 11,040 ÷ 2 = 5,520 pounds per sling leg

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc. Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector
Rigging Problems

3/8"

5/8"

5,520

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc. Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector
Rigging Problems

3/8"

5/8"

1 1/4"

5,520

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc. Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector
Rigging Problems

3"

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc. Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector
Rigging Problems

3"

1. Sling angle = 60°

2. Load Angle Factor = 1.155
3. 4,400 X 1.155= 5,082

4. 5,082 ÷ 2 = 2,541 pounds per sling leg

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc. Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector
Rigging Problems

3"

7/16"

2,541

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc. Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector
Rigging Problems

3"

7/16"

7/8"

2,541

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc. Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector
Rigging Problems

1/4"

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc. Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector
Rigging Problems

1/4"

1. Sling angle = 65°

2. Load Angle Factor = 1.104
3. 6,000 X 1.104 = 6,624

4. 6,624 ÷ 3 = 2,208 pounds per sling leg

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc. Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector
Rigging Problems

1/4"

7/16"

2,208

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc. Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector
Rigging Problems

1/4"

7/16"
3/4"

2,208

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc. Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector
Rigging Problems

5/16"

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc. Rev. 07-30-02
1
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector
Rigging Problems

5/16"

1. Sling angle = 45°

2. Load Angle Factor = 1.414
3. 8,500 X 1.414 = 12,019

4. 12,019 ÷ 3 = 4,007 pounds per sling leg

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc. Rev. 07-30-02
2
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector
Rigging Problems

5/16"

5/8"

4,007

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc. Rev. 07-30-02
2
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector
Rigging Problems

5/16"

5/8"
1 1/4"

4,007

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc. Rev. 07-30-02
2
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector
Rigging Problems

1. Sling angle = 50°

2. Load Angle Factor = 1.305
3. 9,760 X 1.305 = 12,737

4. 12,737 ÷ 2 = 6,369 pounds per sling leg

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc. Rev. 07-30-02
2
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector
Rigging Problems

7/16"

6,369

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc. Rev. 07-30-02
2
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector
Rigging Problems

1. Sling angle = 60°

2. Load Angle Factor = 1.155
3. 6,500 X 1.155 = 7,508

4. 7,508 ÷ 2 = 3,754 pounds per sling leg

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc. Rev. 07-30-02
2
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector
Rigging Problems

3"

3,754

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc. Rev. 07-30-02
2
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector
Rigging Problems
Total Weight = Load Weight + Rigging Weight

Problem #14

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc. Rev. 07-30-02
2
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector
Rigging Problems

17,900
Problem #14
7/8"

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc. Rev. 07-30-02
2
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector
Rigging Problems

17,900
Problem #14
7/8"

1. Sling angle = 45°

2. Load Angle Factor = 1.414
3. 17,900 X 1.414 = 25,311

4. 25,311 ÷ 2 = 12,656 pounds per sling leg

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc. Rev. 07-30-02
2
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector
Rigging Problems

12,656
Problem #14
7/8"
7/8"

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc. Rev. 07-30-02
2
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector
Rigging Problems

Problem #14
7/8"
7/8"

8,350

Sling Load = Load Weight ÷ 2

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc. Rev. 07-30-02
2
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector
Rigging Problems

Problem #14
7/8"
7/8"

3/4"

8,350

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc. Rev. 07-30-02
2
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector
Rigging Problems

Problem #14
7/8"
7/8"

3/4"
3/4"

8,350

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc. Rev. 07-30-02
2
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector
Rigging Problems

Problem #14
7/8"
7/8"

3/4"
3/4"
3/4"

8,350

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc. Rev. 07-30-02
2
Overhead Crane Safety &
inspector
Rigging Problems

Problem #14
7/8"
7/8"

3/4"
3/4"
3/4"
1 1/4"

8,350

Overhead Crane Safety © 2002 Crane Institute of America, Inc. Rev. 07-30-02
2