RANKINE CYCLE

A PART OF VAPOUR POWER

CYCLE
 Course Objectives
1) Be able to effectively use Rankine
Cycle analysis
2) Understand the differences between
large quantities of fuel and waste vs.
minuscule quantities of each, but with
high potential for causing harm or
inconvenience

2
 CONTENTs
Introduction and Defining
Types of Cycles
Ideal Rankine Cycle
Reheat Rankine Cycle
Regeneration Rankine Cycle
Why we use Rankine Cycle?
Conclusion
Query
 TYPES OF CYCLES

Ideal Rankine Cycle

Re-heat Rankine Cycle

Re-generation Rankine Cycle

 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF
RANKINE CYCLE
Q in

2 3
Boiler Wout

Win Compressor
(pump) Turbine
Heat exchanger

1 4

Qout
 IDEAL RANKINE CYCLE
• In a real Rankine cycle, the compression by the pump and the
expansion in the turbine are not ISENTROPIC. In other words,
these processes are NON-REVERSIBLE and entropy is
increased during the two processes. This somewhat increases
the power required by the pump and decreases the power
generated by the turbine.

• So, the other Engineer’s and Sir Rankine make it modify.

• Energy analysis: steady flow process, no generation, neglect KE and
PE changes for all four devices,
• 0 = (net heat transfer in) - (net work out) + (net energy flow in)
• 0 = (qin - qout) - (Wout - Win) + (hin - hout)
• PROCESS:
• 1-2: Pump (q=0)  Wpump = h2 - h1 = v(P2-P1)
• 2-3: Boiler(W=0)  qin = h3 - h2
• 3-4: Turbine(q=0)  Wout = h3 - h4 T
• 4-1: Condenser(W=0)  qout = h4 - h1

• Thermal efficiency h = Wnet/qin =

• 1 - qout/qin = 1 - (h4-h1)/(h3-h2)

• Wnet = Wout - Win = (h3-h4) - (h2-h1) s

DEVELOPMENTS
Real (Non-
Ideal Rankine
Cycle)
Sir
Ranki
ne

Re-
Re-heat generation
 RE-HEAT RANKINE CYCLE
• The optimal way of
high-P Low-P
increasing the boiler turbine turbine
pressure but not
increase the moisture
content in the exiting boiler
vapor is to reheat the
vapor after it exits from
a first-stage turbine
and redirect this
reheated vapor into a
second turbine. pump

condenser
 T-S DIAGRAM
high-P Low-P T high-P
turbine turbine turbine
low-P
boiler turbine

pump

condenser
s
• Energy analysis: Heat transfer and work
output both change
qin = qprimary + qreheat = (h3-h2) + (h5-h4)
Wout = Wturbine1 + Wturbine2 = (h3-h4) + (h5-
h6)
Efficiency :

: Work Done/Heat Supplied

 RE-GENERATION RANKINE
• Use regenerator to heat up the liquid (feedwater)
CYCLE
leaving the pump before sending it to the boiler,
therefore, increase the averaged temperature
(efficiency as well) during heat addition in the
boiler
Lower .
temp higher temp
heat addition 3 heat addition 5
T T Extract steam from
turbine to provide
2’ 4
heat source in the
6
regenerator
2
3
2

4 1 7
1 s
s
Use regenerator to heat up the feedwater
 T-S DIAGRAM
Open FWH
T

boiler
Open
FWH

Pump 2

Pump 1
condenser s
• Energy analysis: Heat transfer and work output both change
• Energy analysis:
qin = h5-h4, qout = (1-y)(h7-h1),
Wturbine, out = (h5-h6) + (1-y)(h6-h7)
Wpump, in = (1-y)Wpump1 + Wpump2
= (1-y)(h2-h1) + (h4-h3)

Efficiency :
: Work Done/Heat Supplied
In general, the more feedwater heaters, the better the cycle
efficiency.
 Course Outcomes
1) Have knowledge about effectively use
Rankine Cycle analysis
2) Also have an Understanding of the
differences between large quantities of fuel
and waste vs. minuscule quantities of each,
but with high potential for causing harm or
inconvenience

15
 FAQ
• The net work done in a Rankine Cycle is the difference of?
•  In a Rankine Cycle, heat input is provided to?
•  In a Rankine Cycle, heat output is provided to?
• The water that flows from the Pump is?
• Which processes do the Rankine cycle contain?
• Which ideal process is carried out at the turbine in vapour power
cycle?
• How is the capacity of vapour power plant expressed?
• To maximize the work output at turbine, the specific volume of
working fluid should be

16
 Refrences
• P.L. Ballani, Thermal Engineering, Khanna Publications.
• W.A.J. Keartan, Steam Turbine: Theory and Practice,
ELBS Series.
• K. Soman, Thermal Engineering, PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.
• R.K. Rajput, Thermal Engineering, Luxmi publications (P)
Ltd.
• P.K.Nag, EngineeringThermodynamics,TataMcgraw Hill.

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