THE

ACCOUNTING
EQUATION
Fundamentals of Accountancy, Business, and Management 1
 Learning • At the end of this lesson,
Objectives the learners will be able to
equate assets with
liabilities and equity solve
problems using the
accounting equation
Accounting • the accounting equation is Assets =
Equation Liabilities + Equity
• for every transaction, the
accounting equation should always
be balanced.
• Assets are resources owned by the
business.
• Liabilities are obligations by the
business.
Accounting • Equity is the residual interest of
Equation the owner of the business.
Meaning, any assets left after
paying liabilities is the right of
the owner of the business.
• there are four elements that
affect equity: (1) Investment; (2)
Withdrawal; (3) Revenue, and;
(4) Expenses.
 Assets • July 1 - Paolo Reyes started a delivery
service on July 1, 2013. The following
invested by transactions occurred during the month of

the owner July. He invested PHP800,000 cash and Cars

amounting to PHP200,000
 Borrowings • July 2 – Reyes borrowed PHP100,000 cash
from PNB for use in his business.
from the bank
 Asset • July 7 – Bought tables and chairs from
Orocan and paid PHP45,000 cash
purchased for
cash
 Assets • July 15 – Various equipment were purchased
on account from Fortune for PHP55,000
purchased on
account
 Cash • July 18 – Reyes made a cash withdrawal of
PHP5,000 for personal use
withdrawal
by the owner
Payment of • July 20 – The account due to Fortune was
paid in cash
liability
The following table summarizes the effects of these
transactions on the accounting equation
 Determining • Accrual basis of accounting vs Cash
basis of accounting – accrual basis
profit through recognizes revenue when earned and
operation recognizes expenses when incurred
• Under the expense recognition
principle, expenses can be recognized
either as: (1) matching; (2) systematic
allocation, or; (3) direct association.
• Profit measures the performance of the
company. If the revenue exceeds
expenses, then it is a net profit
otherwise, it is a net loss net profit.
Received • July 21 – A customer hired the services of
Reyes. Cash of PHP15,000 was received
cash for from the customers.

revenue
earned
Paid cash for • July 22 – Cash was paid for the following :
gas and oil, PHP500 and car repairs,
expenses PHP1,000.

incurred
 Revenue • July 24 – Another customer hired the
services of Reyes and promised to pay
rendered on PHP16,000 on July 31.

account
 Paid for • July 25 – Paid PHP500 for telephone bill.

expenses
incurred
Revenue earned • July 27 – Another customer hired the
with a services of Reyes. A bill was issued to them
for PHP20,000, 50% of which was collected
downpayment,
balance on
account
Customer’s • July 30 – The customer on July 24 paid 50%
of his account in cash.
account
collected in
cash
Paid cash for • July 31 – Paid PHP10,000 for rental of office
space, and salaries of PHP9,000
expenses
incurred
For each transaction, tell whether the assets, liabilities and equity
will increase (I), decrease (D) or is not affected (NE).
Describe each transaction.
 Assignment
Jerome Garcia started a new business and completed these transactions during
August:
Required
1. Arrange the following asset, liability, and equity titles in a
table: Cash; Accounts Receivable; Office Supplies; Office
Equipment; Exploration Equipment; Accounts Payable;
Jerome Garcia, Capital; Jerome Garcia, Withdrawals;
Revenues; and Expenses.
2. Use additions and subtractions to show the effects of
each transaction on the accounts in the accounting
equation. Show new balances after each transaction.