Heavy weight concrete

The main application for heavyweight concrete is for radiation shielding (medical or nuclear),
for offshore, heavyweight concrete is also used for ballasting of pipelines.
Heavyweight concrete uses heavy natural aggregates such as barytes or magnetite or
manufactured aggregates such as iron ore and/ or lead shot. The density depends on the
type of aggregate used and can achieve between 3'000 kg/m3 and close to 6'000 kg/m3.
As previously noted heavyweight concrete is mainly used for radiation protection. The
critical properties of a heavyweight concrete are:

a) Homogeneous density and spatial closeness of the concrete

b) Free from cracks and honeycombing
c)Compressive strength is often only a secondary criterion due to the large size of the
structure
d)As free from air voids as possible
e)Observe heat of hydration
f)Keep shrinkage low
COMPOSITION
Aggregate
Use of barytes, iron ore, heavy metal slags, ferrosilicon, steel granules or shot
Cement
Consider hydration heat development when selecting the cement type and content
Water content
Aim for a low w/c-ratio
WORKABILITY
To ensure a completely closed concrete matrix, careful consideration should be given to
the placing (compaction) and finishing of the concrete.

CURING
Allowance must be made in the curing method for the high heat development due to
large mass of the structure.
Type Density concrete Density aggregate

Higher than Heavyweight aggregates

Heavyweight concrete
2'800 kg/m³ > 3'200 kg/m³

In the range of
Normal concrete Normal aggregates
2'000 to 2'800 kg/m³

Up to Leightweight aggregates
Leightweight concrete
2'000 kg/m³ < 2'200 kg/m³
1. Lightweight Aggregate Concrete
In the early 1950s, the use of lightweight concrete blocks was accepted in the UK for
load bearing inner leaf of cavity walls. Soon thereafter the development and production
of new types of artificial LWA (Lightweight aggregate) made it possible to introduce LWC
of high strength, suitable for structural work.
These advances encouraged the structural use of LWA concrete, particularly where the
need to reduce weight in a structure was in a structure was an important consideration
for design or for economy.
2. Aerated Concrete
a. Aerated concrete has the lowest density, thermal conductivity and strength. Like
timber it can be sawn, screwed and nailed, but there are non-combustible. For works
in-situ the usual methods of aeration are by mixing in stabilized foam or by whipping
air in with the aid of an air entraining agent.
b. The precast products are usually made by the addition of about 0.2 percent
aluminums powder to the mix which reacts with alkaline substances in the binder
forming hydrogen bubbles.
c. Aerated concrete is a lightweight, cellular material consisting of cement and/or lime
and sand or other silicious material. It is made by either a physical or a chemical process
during which either air or gas is introduced into a slurry, which generally contains no
coarse material.
3. No Fines Concrete
The term no-fines concrete generally means concrete composed of cement and a
coarse (9-19mm) aggregate only (at least 95 percent should pass the 20mm BS
sieve, not more than 10 percent should pass the 10mm BS sieve and nothing should
pass the 5mm BS sieve), and the product so formed has many uniformly distributed
voids throughout its mass.

No-fines concrete is almost always cast in situ mainly as load bearing and non load
bearing walls including in filling walls, in framed structures, but sometimes as filling
below solids ground floors and for roof screeds.
Uses of Lightweight Concrete
a. Screeds and thickening for general purposes especially when
such screeds or thickening and weight to floors roofs and other
structural members.
b. Screeds and walls where timber has to be attached by nailing.
c. Casting structural steel to protect its against fire and corrosion
or as a covering for architectural purposes.
d. Heat insulation on roofs.
e. Insulating water pipes.
f. Construction of partition walls and panel walls in frame
structures.
g. Fixing bricks to receive nails from joinery, principally in
domestic or domestic type construction.
h. General insulation of walls.
i. Surface rendered for external walls of small houses.
j. It is also being used for reinforced concrete.
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