PERFORMANCE STUDY OF ROUTING

PROTOCOLS IN VEHICULAR ADHOC

NETWORKS FOR EFFICIENT RESOURCE
MANAGEMENT

NAME OF THE STUDENTPROJECT GUIDE

RAVITEJA KALLURI Dr Rambabu Vatti

(Roll.no: 19E11D6503 (Professor, Bharat

Course: M.Tech(W.M.C) institute of Engineering
College:Bharat institute and Technology,
Of Engineering and Technology) Dept of E.C.E)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 AIM OF THE PROJECT
 INTRODUCTION TO ADHOC NETWORKS

 ADVANTAGES AND APPLICATIONS

 DESIGN ISSUES

 INTRODUCTION TO VANETS

 ROUTING PROTOCOLS IN VANETS

 SIMULATION OF URBAN MOBILITY

 REAL TIME ANALYSIS OF ROUTING PROTOCOLS

IN VANETS
 ROLE OF DATA SCIENCE IN ROUTE OPTIMISATION

 FUTURE SCOPE OF VANETS USING ML

AIM OF THE PROJECT
 Aim of this project is to implement routing protocols of
Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks in real time urban mobility
environment and analyse the results of various routing
protocols by applying the data analysis to the generated
output for efficient selection of routing techniques.
TOOLS ,SOFTWARE,PROGRAMMING USED
 OPERATING SYSTEM UBUNTU – 16.04
 NETWORK SIMULATOR NS3/NS2
 PACKET TRACER WIRESHARK
 DATA ANALYSIS TOOLGUNPLOT

 URBAN MOBILITY TOOL SUMO

 PROGRAMMING C++ and Python

 STREET WIZARD Open Street map
INTRODUCTION TO ADHOC NETWORKS

 An ad hoc network is one that is spontaneously formed

when devices connect and communicate with each other.
The term ad hoc is a Latin word that literally means "for
this,“ i.e networks are formed for a particular instance.
 Ad hoc networks are mostly wireless local area networks
(LANs). The devices communicate with each other
directly instead of relying on a base station or access
points as in wireless LANs for data transfer co-
ordination. Each device participates in routing activity,
by determining the route using the routing algorithm and
forwarding data to other devices via this route.
CLASSIFICATION OF ADHOC
NETWORKS
•MOBILE ADHOC NETWORKS

•VEHICULAR ADHOC NETWORKS

•WIRELESS MESH NETWORKS

•SMART PHONE ADHOC NETWORKS

•WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS

 ADVANTAGES AND APPLICATIONS OF
ADHOC NETWORKS
ADVANTAGES APPLICATIONS
ROUTER FREE MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKS
(MANETS)
MOBILITY
VEHICULAR AD HOC
SPEED NETWORKS (VANETS)

SMARTPHONE AD HOC
INFRASTRUCTURE LESS NETWORKS (SPANS)
COST IS LOW IMANETS
USEFUL IN REMOTE AREAS
DESIGN ISSUES IN ADHOC NETWORKS

LIMITED WIRELESS RANGE

HIDDEN TERMINAL PROBLEM
EXPOSED TERMINAL
PACKET LOSSES
ROUTE CHANGES
BATTERY POWER CONSTRAINTS
INTRODUCTION TO VANETS

 A vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) consists of groups of

moving or stationary vehicles connected by a wireless
network. Until recently the main use of VANETs was to
provide safety and comfort to drivers in vehicular
environments.
 This view is changing, vehicular ad hoc networks are seen
now as an infrastructure for an INTELLIGENT
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM with increasing number
of autonomous vehicles, 
WAVE TECHNOLOGY
 A wireless access in vehicular environments (WAVE) system
provides interoperable, efficient, and reliable radio
communications in support of applications offering safety
and convenience in an intelligent transportation system (ITS)
 In many of the ITS application scenarios, the WAVE system
is designed to provide vehicles with the direct connectivity to
other vehicles (V2V), to roadside (V2R), or to
infrastructures (V2I) through dedicated short-range
communications (DSRC).
IEEE 802.11P
 IEEE 802.11p is an approved amendment to the IEEE
802.11 standard to add wireless access in vehicular
environments (WAVE), a vehicular communication system. It defines
enhancements to 802.11 (the basis of products marketed as Wi-Fi)
required to support Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS)
applications. This includes data exchange between high-speed vehicles
and between the vehicles and the roadside infrastructure, so
called V2X communication, in the licensed ITS band of 5.9 GHz
(5.85–5.925 GHz). IEEE 1609 is a higher layer standard based on the
IEEE 802.11p
 NETWORK ARCHITECTURE OF VANETS
 VANETs follow the same principle as adhoc netoworks
and apply it to the highly dynamic environment of
surface transportation.
 architecture of VANETs mainly falls within three
categories:
 Pure cellular/WLAN,

 Pure ad hoc

 Hybrid.
INTERNET CONNECTIVITY

 VANETs may use fixed cellular gateways and WLAN /

WiMax access points at traffic intersections to connect to
the Internet, gather traffic information, or for routing
purposes
FEATURES OF VANETS
ROUTING PROTOCOLS IN VANETS
ROUTING PROTOCOLS

 Geo Based Protocols In these protocols, a source will

communicate with the destination by using geographical
positions as well as with its network address. Load
Balancing Routing Protocol (LBRP) calculate as well as
configure the route as per information based on the
location of nodes. Therefore, there is no such need to
build the routing tables
ROUTING PROTOCOLS
 Broadcast Based Routing Protocols This protocol
floods the data packet to the entire VANET to all the
available nodes in the broadcast domain. The said
protocol is used whenever the destination node is out of
the range of the source node. Mostly these protocols are
used with application that are concerned with the safety
such as road and weather condition warning, emergency
warning messages etc.
 Cluster Based Routing Protocols In this protocol, the
vehicle with same characteristics such as the speed,
direction etc. are combined in one cluster. Moreover, if a
vehicle node needs to communicate with the node within
the cluster then the data will follow a direct path as it is
considered to be a local communication.
 Geo-cast Routing Protocols Geo cast protocol consists
of two main zones i.e. Zone Of Relevance (ZOR) and
Zone Of Forwarding (ZOF). ZOR is that area dedicated
for the nodes of that region. The main goal of this
protocol is to make communication possible between the
vehicle present in ZOR
 Topology Based Routing Protocols The focus of this
paper is on topology based protocols. The said type
consists of two kinds of protocol such as proactive and
reactive
SIMULATION OF URBAN MOBILITY

 "Simulation of Urban MObility" (Eclipse SUMO) is an

open source, highly portable, microscopic and
continuous road traffic simulation package designed to
handle large road networks. SUMO is licensed under
the Eclipse Public License V2.
OSM(OPEN STREET MAP) WEB WIZARD

 The OSM Web Wizard offers one of the easiest solutions

to start with SUMO. Based on a selection of an
openstreetmap map excerpt, you will be able to
configure a randomized traffic demand and run and
visualize the scenario in the SUMO-GUI. This tutorial
will guide you step by step from the selection of the map
excerpt over defining the traffic demand through running
and visualizing the scenario in the SUMO-GUI.
PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION STEPS

SIMULATE ROUTING PROTOCOLS IN NS3

SELECT AREA IN OSM WEB WIZARD

SIMULATE TRAFFIC AND STORE THE

RESULT

NOW ANALYSE THE DATA FROM CSV FILE

TO DETERMINE PARAMETERS
OPEN STREET MAP WIZARD

SELECT YOUR LOCATION FOR TEST

SELECT TRAFFIC PARAMETERS
OUTPUT IN SUMO
SIMULATION VALUES DATA
OUTPUT FILES
ANALYSIS OF ROUTING PROTOCOLS
FUTURE SCOPE

 With the help of data collected from various locations,

data rates, packets loses, we can use this data to train a
neural network model to classify best routing techniques
for better optimisation and efficient usage of resources
THANK YOU !!