AO468

AIRFRAME MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR

Module v
 Aircraft instruments

• Power plant instruments,

• flight and navigation instruments ,
• system instruments
Considerations for instrument installation

• Easy access( pilot and crew)

– Visual access
– Grouping
– Marking (range)
 Instrument testing
• Disassembled Testing
– By removing the instruments from panel and using
separate testing equipments
• Facilitated Testing
– By the provided attachments
 Air speed indicator
• Airspeed indicators are tested by applying
controlled pressure to the pressure port of the
instrument.

• 3.32 mm Hg -60mph
 Altimeter
• 29.92 in Hg – zero altitude
• 28.86 in Hg – 1000 ft

• Only suction no positive pressure

Altimeter correction
 Inspection
• Instruments should be checked for
– Condition of glass faces
– Markings
– Condition of casing
– cleanliness of case vent filters,
– security of mounting
– tightness of tube and electrical connections.
– The shock mounts
– tubing, hose, hose clamps, and fittings
 Inspection gyro instruments
– gyro erection time and unusual noise during
operation.
– After operation, the run-down time provides an
indication of condition. If the run-down time is
shorter than normal, bearing wear or damage is
indicated, or foreign matter has accumulated
inside the instrument
 Auxiliary system
• System donot required for actual flight
operation but for comfort and easiness
– Fire protection
– Ice protection system
– Rain removal system
– Position and warning system
– Auxiliary Power Units (APUs)
 Fire Protection( Rate of raise)

• Fire detection
• Fire extinguision

– Thermal switches(spot detector)

– Thermocouple
– Tubular detectors
– Pneumatic sensors
Thermal switch
 Inspection required
• Crack or broken connections and sensors
• Abrasion caused by rubbing
• Short circuit
• Sensor stability
• Sensor sensitivity
• Built up temperature in surrounds
• Circuit continuity
• Loosen nuts at the end of sensing elements
• Sensing elements clamps and routing
•
 Fire Extinguisher System
• Blow down the flame
– Dry
– Wet
• Common extingushing methods
• Cut the supply of oxygen
• Reduce the surrounding temperature very low
• Separate the fuel from oxygen
Fire Extinguisher System Maintenance

• inspection and servicing of fire extinguisher

bottles
• removal and reinstallation of cartridge and
discharge valves
• testing of discharge tubing for leakage
• electrical wiring continuity tests
• Container pressure check (prescribed max and
min)
• Expiry check
 Ice protection system

• Anti icing
• de-icing system

• Anti icing
– 1. Heating surfaces with hot air
– 2. Heating by electrical elements
– 3. Chemical application
– 4 paints
 de-icing system

– 1. Heating surfaces with hot air

– 2. Heating by electrical elements
– 3. Chemical application
– 4. Breaking up ice formations, usually by inflatable
boots
Pneumatic-mechanical deicer
 Inspection and Maintenance
• Inspection of deicer (cracks and leaks)
• conductive neoprene coating to prevent the
buildup of static charges
• Check with one or more engine (if fails check
tube air supply for obstruction or damage)
 Rain removal system
• Rain-removal systems are designed to allow
the pilot to have a clear view of the airport
when taxiing and to allow him or her to see
the approach and departure paths and runway
environment when taking off and landing
during rain
 Types
• windshield wipers,
• chemical repellents in combination with
windshield wipers,
• air flow
 windshield-wiper components
• drive motor,
• a control switch,
• a resistor box,
• a flexible drive shaft,
• atorque converter,
• a windshield-wiper assembly
 Position and warning system

• Indicate the condition or position of a

component
• Give alarm warming

1. Control surface indicator systems,

2. Takeoff warning systems,

3. stall warning systems.

 Auxiliary Power Units

• Additional engine ( overcome battery drain)

• Gas turbine engine (fuel from main system) to
power generator
• Initial power to start the main engine
• Eliminate GPU
• How can we classify the aircraft instruments?
• How can we inspect Air speed indicator
• Write a short note on altimeter correction
• Explain the inspections required for a fire extinguisher system
• What are the pre flight checks required for an fire detection system
• Explain the different types of tubular fire detectors
• With a neat diagram explain the pneumatic de icing mechanism
• Explain the windshield wiper system and describe the inspection required for it
• Explain about any three warning systems
• Give a brief description and working principle of APU