What is Environment?

Environment includes all the

conditions, circumstances and
influences surrounding and
affecting the total organization
or any of its parts.
Environment is surrounding
atmosphere/ condition for
existence“.
"Environment is an essential
natural process or an outcome of
occurrence“.
"Environment is of two types,
one is negative and the other is
positive”.
Continue Environment……
 Environment is generator: creation of life form is because of
environment. Sun or moon, sea or earth, hot or cold and
forests or desert etc. they together made an environment
that is fit for our existence.
 There are two different environments one is positive and
the other one is negative, life forms in both namely, pests,
insects and others are cold blooded have different
conditions which suits them to survive that may not be
suitable to us, both have own identities.
 Most important factor is that negative positive factors have
to join together to form an environment for example
mother or father for birth of a child, negative or positive of
energy for electricity. In the system of environment, both
have integral role to play.
Environmental Segments

Lithosphere
Hydrosphere
Atmosphere
Biosphere
Lithosphere
The cover of rock
constituting the earth’s
crust is called
“Lithosphere”.
Soil and Rocks are the
important part of
lithosphere.
Hydroshpere
It includes all the surface
and groundwater
resources e.g. Oceans,
Seas, rivers, streams,
Lakes, reservoirs, dams,
Glaciers, polar ice caps
and groundwater.
Atmosphere
The atmosphere
comprises of mixture
of gases: Nitrogen,
Oxygen, hydrogen etc.
 It extends up to 500
kms, above the
surface of earth.
Biosphere
This is region of the
Earth where life exists.
It extending from about
10 kms below the sea
levels 6 kms above
the sea levels.
What is pollution?

Introduction of pollutants
into the environment which
deteriorate the nature and
harm living resources and
ecosystems thereby
endangering human health.
 TYPES OF POLLUTION
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

AIR NOISE

LIGHT
SOIL

RADIOACTIVE WATER THERMAL

 Ecology
Greekorigin
OIKOS = household
LOGOS = study of…

Study of the “house/environment” in

which we live.

Origin of the word…”ecology”

Ecology is study of interactions
between
 non-living
components in the
environment…
◦ light
◦ water
◦ wind
◦ nutrients in soil
◦ heat
◦ solar radiation
◦ atmosphere, etc.

AND…
Living organisms…
◦ Plants
◦ Animals
◦ microorganisms in soil, etc.
 To study Ecology involves…
For non-living (abiotic)
 For living (biotic)
◦ Climatology  animal behavior
◦ Hydrology etc.
◦ Oceanography
◦ Geology
◦ soil analysis, etc.
 Biotic
Abiotic
What is an ecosystem?
System = regularly interacting
and interdependent components
forming a unified whole
Ecosystem = an ecological
system;
= a community and its physical
environment treated together
as a functional system
Ecosystem Services
 The human economy depends upon the services
performed for free by ecosystems.
 The ecosystem services supplied annually are
worth many trillions of dollars.
 Economic development that destroys habitats
and impairs services can create costs to
humanity over the long term that may greatly
exceed the short-term economic benefits of the
development.
 These costs are generally hidden from traditional
economic accounting, but are nonetheless real
and are usually borne by society at large.
 Ecosystems:
Fundamental Characteristics
Structure:
◦ Living (biotic)
◦ Nonliving (abiotic)
 Process:
◦ Energy flow
◦ Cycling of matter
◦ (chemicals)
 Change:
◦ Dynamic (not static)
◦ Succession, etc.
 Abiotic components:
ABIOTIC components:
Solar energy provides practically all the
energy for ecosystems.
Inorganic substances, e.g., sulfur, boron,
tend to cycle through ecosystems.
Organic compounds, such as proteins,
carbohydrates, lipids, and other complex
molecules, form a link between biotic and
abiotic components of the system.
BIOTIC components
The biotic components of an ecosystem
can be classified according to their mode
of energy acquisition.
In this type of classification, there are:
 Autotrophs and Heterotrophs
Organisms that produce their own food
from an energy source, such as the sun,
and inorganic compounds.
Organisms that consume other organisms
as a food source.
The End