M4 CHEMISTRY

S2 Q4 : Organic Chemistry
Organic compounds and Hydrocarbons
Global Context: Key Concept: Related Concept:

Personal and System Patterns and Models

Cultural
Expression

Statement of Inquiry
Statement of Enquiry:
Scientist discern
Scientific the diversity ofadvances
carbon skeleton with the presence
energyof  small characteristic
Statement ofand technological
Inquiry can enable functional transformation
groups of atoms in different number and arrangement to form compounds with rules which
within, and between,
The discovery systems. patterns and models of organic compounds and its
of different
help to explain how it provide definitive advantage in terms of people’s way of life
functions can be used to construct a system which provides clarity in human’s life. 
..
 Essential Agreements
1. Be punctual

2. Mute your mic when teacher giving instructions

3. Be a good listener

4. Participate in all classroom activities

5. Help your friends to understand the context and concept of

lesson by sharing your knowledge
 Area of Coverage for S2Q4

Chapter 9: Organic Chemistry

9.1 Organic compounds and Hydrocarbons L1 1 W1L1
9.2 IUPAC system of Nomenclature L1 1 W1L2
9.3 Petroleum refinery (fractional distillation of crude
2 W2L1
oil) SA Introduction
9.3 Thermal and catalytic hydrocarbon cracking 2 W2L2
9.3 Alkanes 3 W3L1
9.4 Alkene L1 FA1 FA1 3 W3L2
9.5 Evaluating saturated and unsaturated fats 4 W4L1
9.7 Alcohol SA draft submission 4 W4L2
9.8 Isomerism 5 W5L1
"Chemistry -
Let's Go 9.9 Carboxylic acid 5 W5L2
Organic" HARI RAYA PUASA 6 W6L1
FA 2/ SA final
6 W6L2
9.10 macromolecules- Esters submission
9.10 Polymerisation - Introduction 7 W7L1
REVISION 7 W7L2
8 W8L1
QUARTER TEST EXAM 8 W8L2
PAPER REVIEW 9 W9L1
9.12 Macromolecules - Addition Polymers 9 W9L2
W10L
10
1
S2Q4 9.12 Macromolecules - Condensation Polymers
W10L
10
9.10 Synthetic polymers 2
W11L
11
9.11 Plastic L15 1
Organic compounds and Hydrocarbons
K: Know the characteristics of homologous series in terms of having the
same general formula, can be made by similar methods, steady changes in
physical properties, and similar chemical properties.

U: How functional groups present in different members of homologous

series contributes to their general properties

D:
Students design the 3D models of organic compounds using Biomodel software
and complete the worksheet shared in google doc.
Topic: Organic chemistry
Chemistry of life
 Tuning in Finding out Sorting out Going further

What are Organic compounds?

• Any of a large class of chemical compounds in

which one or more atoms of carbon are covalently
bonded to atoms of other elements.
• The few carbon-containing compounds not classified
as organic include carbides, carbonates, and cyanides.

Difference between Organic and Inorganic Compounds.mp4

Statement of Inquiry
The discovery of different patterns and models of organic compounds and its functions can
be used to construct a system which provides clarity in human’s life. 
 Let’s recap the structure and bonds
formed by carbon atom

Bonds formed by Carbon - CBSE 10.mp4

Activity 1:
Students sign up for ClassMarker, an online tool and attempt the questions
prepared on structure and formation of bonding by carbon atom.

https://www.classmarker.com/online-test/start/?quiz=fpp5e86aafb393ad

Statement of Inquiry
The discovery of different patterns and models of organic compounds and its functions can
be used to construct a system which provides clarity in human’s life..
Tuning in Finding out Sorting out Going further

Discuss the 4 unique properties of

carbon which enable it to form
complex molecular models??
https://sciencing.com/four-characteristics-carbon-12004660.html
What are the ways carbon molecule can be
represented??

Molecular formula Structural formula

C3H8
C3H8

Condensed Structural Skeletal formula

Formula
CH3CH2CH3
Find the following for this molecule: C4H10

Molecular formula Structural formula

Condensed Structural Skeletal formula

formula
 Organic Vs Inorganic Differences
Organic Inorganic

Bonding

Physical state
(Room
temperature)
Melting point

Solubility in water

Conductivity

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lC57cJzM8OA&feature=emb_logo
Uses of Organic
compounds
 Organic compounds Non-hydrocarbon

Organic molecules consist of

carbon, hydrogen and other
Hydrocarbon
elements.

Organic molecules consist of Alcohol

carbon and hydrogen only.

Saturated Unsaturated
Carboxylic acid

Ester
Alkyne
Alkane
Alkene
Homologous series
K: Know the characteristics of homologous series in terms of
having the same general formula, can be made by similar
methods, steady changes in physical properties, and similar
chemical properties.

U: The patterns in homologous series

D:
• Students design the 3D models of organic compounds using
Biomodel software and complete the worksheet.
Homologous series
Carbon General formula Functional
compounds group Suffix
CnH2n+2
Alkane -C-C- -ane
CnH2n
Alkene C=C -ene
CnH2n-2
Alkyne C≡C -yne
CnH2n+1OH
Alcohol –OH -ol
Carboxylic CmH2m+1COOH
Acids -COOH -oic acid
CmH2m+1COOCnH2n+1
Esters –COO- -anoate
Names in Homologous series
Organic Prefixes
Prefixes Numbers of carbon atoms
Meth- 1
Eth- 2
Prop- 3
But- 4
Pent- 5
Hex- 6
Hep- 7
 Gradual change in
Same general physical
formula characteristics
Characteristics
of Homologous
series
Every member Same functional
differ from other by group
–CH2
 Functional Group
Members of same homologous series possess same functional
group.
Functional group as an atom or group of atoms within a
molecule that has similar chemical properties whenever it
appears in various compounds.
Contribute to molecular diversity of life.
1. Homologous series- Pattern of general formula

Members of a homologous series can be represented by the

same general formula:
In the case of the alkanes, for example, the general formula
would be CnH2n+2

Examples:
If n=1, then CnH2n+2 = CH4, methane
If n=2, then CnH2n+2 = C2H6, ethane
If n=3, then CnH2n+2 = C3H8, propane
If n=4, then CnH2n+2 = C4H10, butane
2. Homologous series
The pattern of structure only differ by the number of -CH2
units in the main carbon chain.
Neighbouring members of the
alkanes, for example, indeed differ
from each other by a -CH₂ group.
Examples:
CH₄ + CH₂ = C₂H₆
Methane + CH₂ = Ethane

C₂H₆ + CH₂ = C₃H₈

Ethane + CH₂ = Propane

C₃H₈ + CH₂ = C₄H₁₀

Propane + CH₂ = Butane
3. Homologous series
Members of a homologous series show a gradation in physical
properties:
Explore:

Explain the trend of

Increase in boiling point

change in the physical
characteristics of
members of
homologous series
with increasing
carbon number
Exit Task
Students attempt the questions in ClassMarker.

Click on the Link

https://www.classmarker.com/online-test/start/?quiz=gn35e868e8dc04e1

https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1N7YioUZDOfGdJIkXCAg889XIH6nQuTvur
QU8G5-p0v8/edit
Additional reading materials
1. https
://igcseandialchemistry.com/igcse-organic-chemistry-notes/

2. https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/topics/zx7mn39