Liquid display display

Introduction:
#A liquid-crystal display (LCD) is a flat-panel display or other electronically
modulated optical device that uses the light-modulating properties of liquid crystals
combined with polarizers.

#Liquid crystals do not emit light directly, instead using a backlight or

reflector to produce images in color or monochrome. LCDs are available to
display arbitrary images (as in a general-purpose computer display) or
fixed images with low information content
Working model of LCD:
Classifications of LCD due to
constructions:
 Dynamic scattering type

 Field effect type

Dynamic scattering type
 The surrounding light goes through the front glass, a liquid crystal layer of 0,025
mm thickness, and is absorbed in the black back plate. On both glass plates,
conductive transparent electrodes are attached. When a voltage between 10 and
20 volts is applied on the electrodes, the arrangement of the molecules is
destroyed by the collisions of the moving ions, scattering the light and causing
this part of the LCD to look darker than the rest of the display.
 By replacing the black plate with a mirror it is possible to use the cell in a
reflective mode. The segments which are not energised let the light go past, which
will cause the mirror to reflect the light and compose the digits. The layer in the
electric field between the electrodes scatters the light in all directions and looks
dark.
Field effect type
 The construction is similar to dynamic LCD,with the exception that two thin
polarising optical filters are placed at the inside of glass sheet.
 The material is nematic type which twists the light passing through the cell when
latter is not energised.
 This allows the light to pass and the cell appears bright.
 When cell is energised , no twisting happens and cell becomes dull.
Advantages of LCD:
#The image is perfectly sharp at the native resolution of the panel, LCDs using an
analog input require careful adjustment of pixel phase, and high peak intensity
produces very bright images, Best for brightly lit environments.

#There is zero geometric distortion at the native resolution of the panel, There is
minor distortion for other resolutions because the images must be rescaled, and the
screens are perfectly flat, and they have a superior resolution, and they have sharp
resolution and imagery.

#LCDs are easy disposal, they have excellent contrast, They are immune to screen
image burn-in, the screens are available in a vast range of sizes, and they are used in
the battery-powered electronics, and they have low flicker rates.
Diadvantages of LCD:
#LCDs are more expensive compared to Plasma TV of the same size, they have less picture
quality when viewed on the side or at an angle, and there is motion delay for the fast-
moving images.

#The interference may require frequent readjustments throughout the day due to timing
drift and jitter, Analog input requires careful modification of the pixel phase to decrease or
eliminate the digital noise in the image.

# The aspect ratio and resolution are fixed, LCDs are not proficient at producing black
and very dark grays, In a “standard” configuration, they are not appropriate for use in
dimly lit and dark conditions.

#The contrast adjustment is narrower in range than CRTs due to a poor black level, the
response time is longer, Color saturation is reduced at low-intensity levels due to a poor
black level, the images are satisfactory but they are not accurate due to problems with
black level, grayscale and Gamma.
Thank you