EARTHWORK

EARTHWORK
COURSE OUTCOMES
At the end of the course, the students should be able to:-

a. undertake problem identification, formulation and solution through

analyzing and solving complex design problem.

b. Use the design standards with consideration of real world constraint

in particular the environmental responsibilities of professional
engineer and matters related to economic, legislation, lifespan, etc.
 EARTHWORK (SCOPE OF WORK)

1. Site visit : to know the existing site condition

• existing levels, existing slopes, existing structures, condition on surrounding area,
maximum/minimum flood level, existing drainage system, existing access road,
existing services (underground & overhead ), etc
2. Information to be used during site visit :
• key plan, location plan, site plan, architectural plan, survey plan
3. Liaison with local authority :
• requirements on submission or guidelines to be followed
• history on the flood level (DID)
4. Design : use all the information from above for detail design
Refer architectural plan/site plan/location plan/survey plan :
• is there any existing drainage system stated in survey plan?
• is there any existing proposed platform level stated in site plan?
• identify the possibility of discharge point (check the level)
• proposed the most suitable platform level so that the total cut and fill are balance and
the water/waste water from the proposed building/project/surrounding area can be
discharged or connected to the proposed discharge point.
• refer design consideration
• prepare calculation
• prepare earthwork layout plan
• prepare detailing
 EARTHWORK AT CONSTRUCTION STAGE

THREE MAJOR ISSUES COMMONLY RAISES DURING EARTHWORK

CONSTRUCTION ARE AS FOLLOWS :
1. Access road
2. Dust pollution
3. Noise pollution
STEP TO BE TAKEN TO MITIGATE THE ABOVE ISSUES :
i. Access road
 Ensure the common road/access road/temporary road to be
maintained regularly by the appointed contractor
 Regular inspection and checking by town council
 Ensure wash through is provided so that all construction vehicles
are cleaned before leaving the site
 EARTHWORK AT CONSTRUCTION STAGE

ii. Dust pollution

 The project site and public roads or surrounding area must
be sprayed with water from time to time.
iii. Noise pollution
 Carry out noise pollution study before, during and after
construction
 Submit the noise study report to local authority for approval
 Monitor the noise level every day during construction.
 Reduce the method of construction
 Isolate the source of noise pollution during construction.
CONTENTS:
 Introduction
 Design criteria/Consideration
 Calculation
 Earthwork layout plan
 Detail drawings /Detailing
 Earthwork specifications

NOTES:
 SCOPE OF WORK - only consider at project area, nearest surrounding area
and future planning are not included in your design.
 INTRODUCTION

Definition– excavation in rock as well in the looser materials of the earth.

Scope of earthwork can be divided into :
 Site clearance
 Excavation/ cutting
 Filling
 Silt trap/Detention pond
 Wash trough
 Temporary earth drain
 Turfing
 Piling
 Retaining wall
 etc
 DESIGN CRITERIA/CONSIDERATION

Criteria to be considered during design of earthwork are :

1. Authority requirement
2. Existing survey plan
3. Architecture’s plan
4. Analysis/calculation
1. Local Authority (Municipal Council/City Hall) requirement
a. Development Order (D.O) – is an approval document from local
authority for development , prepared & submitted by architect.
i.e
 charges for development
 Technical requirement – involve civil & structural engineer
(earthwork, drainage, sewerage, roads, piling, etc)
 Land requirement
 Future planning
 Public facilities
 Safety requirement
 National economic policy (NEP), etc
b. Any related requirements from DID, TNB, TM, etc.
DEVELOPMENT ORDER (D.O) -EXAMPLE
2. Existing survey plan – prepared by licensed surveyor & include all the
information such as key plan, location plan and other information as
stated below:

 Boundary
 Existing building/structure/fencing
 Existing level
 Existing drainage system
 Existing manhole
 Existing road system
 Existing overhead cables
 etc
3. Architectural plan
 Orientation of the building
 Building layout plan
 Dimension of the building
 Type of building
 etc
 CALCULATION/ANALYSIS

DETERMINATION OF CUT AND FILL :

Method to be used to determine volume of excavation for cut and fill

are as follows:
a. Cross section method
b. Counting lorries – not applicable
c. Contour method
d. Grid method

 Calculation of cut & fill – to show whether the project have to import
earth or export earth, use Cross Section Method or Contour Method or
Grid method to calculate cut & fill.

20
 EARTHWORK LAYOUT PLAN

EARTHWORK LAYOUT PLAN:

 Earthwork layout plan – should include existing level, proposed level,
orientation of the building, location of silt trap, location of wash trough,
total cut & fill, temporary earth drain system, proposed slope, existing
slope, proposed retaining wall, turfing, etc.
 DETAILS DRAWINGS

DETAILS DRAWING:
 Cross section of earthwork- show the varies of existing & proposed
platform level
 Silt trap
 Temporary earth drain
 Wash trough – to wash dump truck tire before move in & out to make
sure public road is always clean.
 Detention pond
 Retaining wall (if any)
 Turfing
 Pile cap (if any)
 etc
 EARTHWORK SPECIFICATIONS

 Earthwork specification – requirements to be followed during

construction

 Piling specification – requirements for piling machine to be used during

piling work, i.e, hydraulic hammer, diesel hammer, injection pile, etc,
usually to avoid noisy during piling.

 Earthwork report & piling specification to be submitted to local

authority for approval.
PROPOSED 3 BLOCK CONDOMINIUM CONSISTS OF 500 UNITS, 2 BLOCK
PARKING SPACE 3 1/2 STORIES, 1 TENIS COURT AND PUBLIC RECREATIONAL
CENTRE ON LOT 783, SENTUL DISTRICT , KUALA LUMPUR
EARTHWORK LAYOUT PLAN
EARTHWORK LAYOUT PLAN
EARTHWORK
EARTHWORK LAYOUT PLAN
PROPOSED CONSTRUCTION OF KOLEJ SAINS KESIHATAN BERSEKUTU
TANJUNG RAMBUTAN ULU KINTA IPOH, PERAK

VOLUME :
CUT = 102,000 m³
FILL = 117,000 m³

EARTHWORK LAYOUT PLAN

CONDOMINIUM AT WANGSA MAJU R10, SETAPAK, KUALA LUMPUR

EARTHWORK LAYOUT PLAN

DETAIL OF WASH TROUGH