DEVELOPMENT OF FISH POND MONITORING AND AUTOMATION SYSTEM

ATTA, Muhammad Jamiu

MENG/SEET/2016/6489

SUPERVISOR: ENGR. PROF. J. TSADO

CO-SUPERVISOR: ENGR. DR. M. B. MUSTAPHA

SEPTEMBER 2019
 PRESENTATION OUTLINE

 Background of the Study

 Statement of the research problem
 Highlights of the research proposal
 Review of Related Work
 Method and Implementation
 Results
 Conclusion
 BACKGROUND OF STUDY
 Fish and its products as major sources of protein and income.

 Tremendous growth in human population has led to a proportional demand

in fish and its products.

 Yield from wild-caught fishes can no longer cater for growing population,
hence the need for aquaculture.

 4.4% of Nigeria’s Gross Domestic Product (Thompson and Mafimisebi,

2014).

 Limitations in conventional aquaculture system, hence the need for an

automated system of fish rearing. 3
 PROBLEM STATEMENT

 Feeding systems in aquaculture have not adequately address the

problem of feed wastage and water pollution.

 Use of effective sensor network and GSM module for efficient

fish pond control system still an issue to be addressed.

 The problem of effective and independent power system for

efficient fish pond management is also an issue to be resolved.

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 HIGHLIGHTS OF THE RESEARCH PROPOSAL

 The aim of this research work is to develop a fish pond monitoring and
automation system that improves on the efficiency of fish rearing.

 The objectives of the study are:

 To monitor pond water quality parameters using sensors (temperature

and pH sensors) and send a report to the pond manager such that any
deviation from the accepted optimum values is detected and then
action taken.
 To develop an automatic feeding system that reduces feed wastage and
water pollution.
 To develop an automatic water circulation system. 5
 REVIEW OF RELATED WORK
AUTHORS/YEAR TITLE OF WORK LIMITATION RECOMMENDATION/GAP BRIDGED

Yeoh, Taip, Endan, Talib, and Mazlina Development of an automatic feeding Feeding system does not address issue of Efficient feeding system is proposed.
(2010) machine for aquaculture industry feed wastage and hence water pollution.

Garcia, Sendra, Lloret, and Lloret (2011) Monitoring and control sensor system for Absence of a real time update of the pond The system would be powered by a solar power
fish feeding in marine fish farms manager on the status of the pond and also system with a real update of the pond manager
the absence of an independent power through a GSM module.
source.

Noor, Hussain, Saaid, Ali, and Zolkapli Design and development of automatic fish Feeding system does not address issue of Efficient feeding system is proposed.
(2012) feeder system using PIC microcontroller feed wastage and hence water pollution.

Mbonu, Ugwoke, Okafor, Nwonye, Thani, Intelligent User-friendly Aquarium Absence of a real time update of the pond The system would be powered by a solar power
and Ezeh (2014) Control System for Efficient Fish manager on the status of the pond and also system with a real update of the pond manager
Production in Nigeria. the absence of an independent power through a GSM module.
source.

Chandanapalli, Reddy, and Lakshmi Design and deployment of aqua Only water parameters were being Feeding and monitoring of water parameters
(2014) monitoring system using wireless sensor monitored would be automated.
networks and IAR-Kick

Ani, Cueto, Diokno, and Perez (2015) Development a solar powered automatic Feeding system does not address issue of Efficient feeding system is proposed.
shrimp feeding system feed wastage and hence water pollution.
 CONTINUATION OF REVIEW

Xie and Jiang (2016) Intelligent Fishpond Monitoring System Absence of a real time update of the pond The system would be powered by a solar power
Based on STM32 and Zigbee. manager on the status of the pond and also system with a real update of the pond manager
the absence of an independent power through a GSM module.
source.

Ogunlela and Adebayo (2016) Research on the development and Feeding system does not address issue of Efficient feeding system is proposed.
performance evaluation of an automatic feed wastage and hence water pollution.
fish feeder

Uddin et al., (2016) Development of automatic fish feeder Feeding system does not address issue of Efficient feeding system is proposed.
feed wastage and hence water pollution.

Cahyono and Lestari (2017) Research work on the automation of fish Pond water is only circulated before being During circulation, pond water is filtered to
pond water circulation by using Arduino returned to the pond. remove impurities before being returned to the
Uno based control system pond.

Harun, Reda, and Hashim (2018) Development of a real time fish pond Power source is dependent An independent power source is developed
monitoring and automation system using
Arduino
 METHODOLOGY

 Design of the monitoring and control system.

 Mechanical construction of the design prototype.

 Design of the independent power source (solar power system).

The monitoring and control system is divided into the receiver

and transmitter sections
 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE RECEIVER
DISPLAY

PH SENSOR   SERVO MOTOR

 
TURBIDITY
GSM MODULE
SENSOR CONTROLLER

TEMPERATURE
RELAY PUMP
SENSOR

RTC
SWITCHES

UNDER GROUND WATER LEVEL

DETECTOR

Figure 3.1: Block Diagram of the Receiver Circuit

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE TRANSMITTER

POWER SUPPLY

MOMENTARY CONTROLLER DISPLAY UNIT

SWITCH

RTC ENCODER ANTENNA

Figure 3.2: Block Diagram of the Transmitter Circuit

FLOW CHART FOR THE COTROL PROGRAM OF THE TRANSMITTER
FLOW CHART FOR THE COTROL PROGRAM OF THE TRANSMITTER
Figure 3.21: Complete Circuit Diagram of the Receiver
Figure 3.10: Complete Circuit Diagram of the Transmitter
ISOMETRIC DRAWING OF THE PROTOTYPE
 THE DESIGN PROTOTYPE

Plate 3.4: Internal View of the Receiver

Plate 3.2: Internal View of the Transmitter

Plate 3.6: The Design Prototype

 THE INDEPENDENT POWER SYSTEM (PV SYSTEM)

Solar radiation

Charge
Solar panel
Controller
System’s

Power

Unit

Battery

Figure 1.3 The block diagram of the proposed PV system for the pond

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 ENERGY REQUIRED

 The power consumption of electrical appliances is usually given in Watts, to calculate the energy needed over a time

for an appliance, its power consumption is multiplied by its period of intended usage.

For water pump; 40W ‘ON’ for 1 hour per day

 = 40WH per day

For servo motor; 20W ‘ON’ for 30seconds (1/2minute = 1/120 hour) per day

 = 0.17WH per day

For control Circuit; 15W ‘ON’ for 24hours per day

 = 360WH per day

For temperature sensor: 5W ‘ON’ for 12hours per day

 = 60WH per day
 ENERGY REQUIRED CONTINUED

For turbidity sensor: 10W ‘ON’ for 12hours per day

 = 120WH per day.

For PH sensor: 10W ‘ON’ for 12hours per day

 = 120WH per day.

For water level sensor: 5W ‘0N’ for 12hours per day

 = 60WH per day.

TOTAL = 40+ 0.17+360+60+120 +120+60

 = 870.17WH per day
 SOLAR PANEL SIZING

Based on 6hours sunshine per day, the size of the solar panel will be;

870.17WH
 145.03W
6H

However, from the standard sizes of solar panels, 150W solar panel is used for this system.
 BATTERY SIZING

Also, from the figure of the total energy needed, the Ampere Hour of the battery was determined as;

870.17WH
 72.51AH
12V

Where 12V is the terminal voltage of the battery used.

From the standard, 100AH Lion battery is used for this system because it has 80 - 85% usable power
which is 80 - 85AH and this can handle 72.51AH from the calculation.
 CHOICE OF CHARGE CONTROLLER

To calculate the of the charge controller, the Ampere Hour figure of the chosen battery is divided by its
terminal voltage. i.e.

100
 8.33 Amps
12

From the standard ratings of charge controllers, a 20Amps charge controller is used for this system.
 RESULTS
Table 4.3: Functionality Test results of the Automatic Feeder

Trial Time Feed Dispersal Time Amount of Feed

(seconds) Dispensed (g)

1 7:00am 1.13 10.0

2 11:00am 1.15 10.0

3 3:00pm 1.17 10.0

4 7:00pm 1.12 10.0

5 7:10pm 0.00 00.0

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Temperature measurement outside the designed pond

Table 4.4: Test Results for Temperature Measurement outside the Prototype Fish Pond

S/No Date Temperature (⁰C)

1 01/04/2019 27.0

2 15/04/2019 31.0

3 30/04/2019 27.5

4 12/05/2019 27.5

5 25/05/2019 28.0
Temperature Test inside the Prototype Fish Pond

Table 4.5: Test Results for Temperature Measurement within the Prototype Fish Pond

S/No Date Temperature (⁰C)

1 01/04/2019 26.5

2 15/04/2019 27.5

3 30/04/2019 26.0

4 12/05/2019 26.5

5 25/05/2019 27.0
 pH Test inside the Prototype Fish Pond

Table 4.6: Test Results for pH Measurement within the Prototype Fish Pond

S/No Date pH Value

1 01/04/2019 7.1

2 15/04/2019 7.5

3 30/04/2019 7.2

4 12/05/2019 7.2

5 25/05/2019 8.0
Test Results for Fishes Reared Using the Designed Prototype

Table 4.7: Growth Rate of Fish Reared Using the Designed Automated System

S/N Period No of Fishes Average Feed Average Gain

Weight of Consumed in Weight per

Fish per Fish Fish

(g) (g) (g)

1 Week 1 10 20.00 0.00 0.00

2 Week 2 10 25.00 4.50 5.00

3 Week 3 10 30.51 5.55 5.51

4 Week 4 10 36.67 6.60 6.16

5 Week 5 10 42.50 8.00 5.83

6 Week 6 10 48.95 9.50 6.45

Test Results for Fishes Reared Using the Manually Operated
Fish Pond

Table 4.8: Growth Rate of Fish Reared Using Manually Operated Fish Pond

S/N Period No of Fishes Average Feed Average Gain

Weight of Consumed in Weight per

Fish per Fish Fish

(g) (g) (g)

1 Week 1 10 20.00 0.00 0.00

2 Week 2 10 24.00 4.50 4.00

3 Week 3 10 29.51 6.66 5.51

4 Week 4 10 33.87 7.10 4.36

5 Week 5 10 36.00 7.50 2.13

6 Week 6 10 38.45 8.00 2.45

Analysis of growth rate of fishes reared using the designed system
From table 4.7, we see that the average gain in weight per fish during the six weeks period for

which readings were taken is:

(0.00 + 5.00 + 5.51 + 6.16 + 5.83 + 6.45) = 28.95g

Also, the average feed consumed per fish during the same of time is:

(0.00 + 4.50 + 5.55 + 6.60 + 8.00 + 9.50) = 34.15g

The Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) of the reared fishes is given as:

Total amount of feed given (g)

Total gain in weight by the fish (g)

34.15
=
28.95

= 1.18

Also, the Feeding Efficiency (FE) of the fish is given as:

1
= * 100%
FCR
1
= * 100%
1.18
= 84.7%
Analysis of growth rate of fishes reared using the manual fish pond

From table 4.8, the average gain in weight per fish during the six weeks experimental rearing
period is:
= (0.00 + 4.00 + 5.51 + 4.36 + 2.13 + 2.45)
= 18.45g
Also, average feed consumed per fish within the same period is:
= (0.0 + 4.50 + 6.55 + 7.10 + 7.50 + 8.00)
= 33.65g
Hence, the Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) is:
33.65
=
18.45
= 1.82
Also, the Feeding Efficiency is:
1
= * 100%
1.82
= 54.9%
The reared fishes within the designed prototype
 Conclusion

The set aim and objectives of this research work were successfully

achieved
THANK YOU FOR LISTENING

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