Presented By:

SPECIALIZED John Benedict Fonte

Patricia May Herrera

CONSTRUCTION Stephen Malapit

Red Napalan
Alan Vargas

TECHNIQUES 1 Gabriel Zuniga

ADVANCED CONSTRUCTION METHOD – CE158_OL51_4Q1920

TO BE Construction aspects and procedures of
specialized construction techniques

DISCUSSED I. BOX PUSHING

II. BOX TYPE RETAINING WALL

III. SLIP FORM FOR CHIMNEY

IV. SILO CONSTRUCTION

BOX
PUSHING
VIDEO
CONVENTIONAL METHOD
Open Cut System

• Excavation
• Placing
• Covering

Demerit

• Increased time for execution

• Interruption in traffic
• Expensive construction
 ALTERNATIV
E

Present day Intensity of Traffic, both Rail & Road due to the fast development, is very heavy it cannot
be disturbed for construction of under bridges or Canal Crossings

Box Pushing Technique is developed where in R.C.C. Boxes in segments are casts out side and
pushed through the heavy embankments of Rail or Road by Jacking
METHODOLOGY

1. Excavation

2. Casting of Thrust Bed

3. Box Casting and Placing

4. Fabrication of Front and Rear

shield

5. Pushing shifting pushing operation

6. Miscellaneous works

7. Precautions
1.EXCAVATION
AND
CASTING
OF THRUST
BED
2. THRUST BED
• Resists the required
thrust extorted by
Jacking force and
transfer it to soil at
bottom and sides
• Pin Pockets for
supports
• Floor Bed
• The RCC Box is
cast in segments of
convenient lengths
of Total pushing
length.

• Concrete grade
normally kept as
M-35

3. BOX CASTING
3. BOX CASTING
4. BOX PUSHING
• The first segment of the
precast box is provided
with a specially designed
cutting shield with 16 to 20
mm thick Steel Plates

• Fabricated for cutting

action and to provide
support

• Prevent caving in of soil

5. FABRICATION OF FRONT SHIELD

• The rear jacking shield is
provided by anchoring steel
plate on the face of bottom
slab of RCC Box to
suitably distribute the
jacking load

6. FABRICATION OF REAR SHIELD

INTERMEDIATE JACKING
STATION
 PUSHING OF THE BOX
OPERATION
• Purpose is to form a horizontal opening
below ground or through embankments,
without disturbing the traffic & structures

• Reduce the frictional resistance by using

a thin film of grease and thick gauge
plastic sheet between the top of the thrust
bed & bottom of the box

• Glossy Epoxy layer is provided to reduce

the friction on the top and prevent the
disturbance of the mass over box
HYDRAULIC EQUIPMENT
• The entire Box Pushing system is a
matter of proper selection of Hydraulic
equipment, as tremendous driving
force is required for pushing of
medium to large size of Boxes

• A number of jack in a series

distribution of pushing load evenly on
the face of the concrete,
simultaneously operated.

• Pushing cycles are repeated til total

pushing is completed
PRECAUTIONS

=
To prevent caving of earth during
excavation quantity of earth shall
be removed to barest minimum
duly following the slop of cutting
edge.
PRECAUTIONS

• Guide channels to be • Level of alignment • Speed limit on site at

provided in the thrust should be continuously 20 km/h
bed to guide segment checked
and ensure straight • Work should stop when
alignment heavy loads are passing
NEXT TO Construction aspects and procedures of
specialized construction techniques

DISCUSS… I. BOX PUSHING

II. BOX TYPE RETAINING WALL

III. SLIP FORM FOR CHIMNEY

IV. SILO CONSTRUCTION

BOX TYPE RETAINING WALL
III. SLIP FORM FOR
CHIMNEY
• Cast-in-place concrete
• Continuously moving form
• Placing of concrete in a
shallow mould having the
same plan as the building to
be constructed
MATERIALS
REQUIRED
EQUIPMENT
FOR SLIPFORM

• Batching and
Mixing
• Transporting Equipment
• Delivery
Equipment
• Slipform
Paver
Finisher
MANPOWER -to the strategies, tools and methodologies that an
UTILIZATION organization relies on to determine its total workload
at a given moment.

• expert supervisor
• carpenters
• ironworkers
• laborers
Planning
• First part is the lead time required to start a slip form project in this case a chimney. That depends
somewhat on the complexity of the project. As a rough guide,  assume 6 to 10 weeks for design
and preparation of slip form equipment to be ready for shipment. In general, early involvement in
a project is beneficial. Small changes during the design and planning phases can greatly facilitate
the slip forming process.
• Depending on project size, from a few days to several weeks. The slip form supplier will manage
the form setup and also commit to a time frame before the job starts.
• A crane is required for assembling the forms and setting them in place. Depending on the project,
a crane may also be necessary during sliding to supply concrete and rebar.  Dismantling of the
slip form is also best done with a crane. For every project, the slip form supplier will indicate
what is needed in the way of crane support.
• Electric power or a generator will be needed for the hydraulic pump, the lighting plant, string
lights and to run the small power tools used on the slip form. The slip form supplier will specify
the requirements for every project.
• Water is needed for cleaning the forms and for concrete finishing. Also the workers need to stay
hydrated.  A suitable water tank is normally placed inside a steel frame that can be picked by the
crane or winch and delivered to the work platform. Refills may be necessary. A typical tank size
is 300 gallons or so.
• The concrete mix is an important factor for achieving  good quality in slip formed construction.
Some parameters of the concrete mix (setting time, slump, etc.) should be reviewed, but there is
no special concrete required for general slip forming.
Methodology Slipform construction is well suited
to chimneys that are very tall or have
very large diameters, and on projects
with accelerated schedules. 
• concrete is poured continuously into a single form that is
steadily elevated (or slipped) to create the concrete
column.
• An integrated hydraulic jacking system raises the
formwork, controls the shell taper and wall thickness, and
uses lasers to constantly monitor alignment.
• The slip form method is labor intensive, with work
performed on an around-the-clock basis.
• Assembly can only start once the foundations are in place and the wall starter
is in correct alignment.
• Slip form shuttering is aligned with the help of yokes
• Horizontal crossbeams connect these yokes.
• Hydraulic Jacks are attached to these crossbeams for simultaneous upward
movement.
• Height of the slip form ranges from 1.1 to 1.5 meters.
• Yokes and crossbeams also used to support the working platform
• Structure should be rigid and shaped maintained at all times.
• Make sure there is no lag or else it prevents the structure from free upward
movement
• It is also possible to reduce the wall thickness as the construction gains height
and arrangements have to be made in the slip form structure that will enable
such reduction at regular intervals.
Problems Encountered
and Solution
• High cost of the initial set-up
- Aligning your cost to strategy
• Continues Process maybe Critical
- Need for specialist workers, expertise and sophisticated
equipment.
• Can the formwork get stuck on the concrete?
- A properly operated slip form system will not get stuck on
the concrete.
• What happens when a jack fails?
- Hydraulic seals can start leaking or the grippers wear out.
Replacing a jack is a routine operation and spare jacks are
always on hand.
 SIL
O
USES, TYPES, & METHODS OF
CONSTRUCTION
 SILO

• A silo is a structure built for the storage of bulk materials

• A silo can be used to store agricultural grains, cement, coal, sawdust, food products,
sand, salt, industrial byproducts, etc.
• A silo’s contents can be usually be unloaded into a truck
• A silo’s design and construction may vary based on the material to be stored
• Moreover, different companies offer different silo solutions and technology
 Types of Silo based on Structure

• Vertical/Tower Silo
- Cast in Place/Slipform
- Stave
- Low Oxygen
• Horizontal Silo
- Bunker/Trench
- Bag
Cast in Place/Slipform
Tower Silo
 Cast in Place/Slipform Tower Silo

• Materials required:
- Concrete
- Steel Reinforcements
- Slipform system components
 Cast in Place/Slipform Tower Silo
• Modern equipment used:
- Hydraulic Jack
- Engineered Shutters/Formwork Panels
- Boom truck
Cast in Place/Slipform Tower Silo
 Cast in Place/Slipform Tower Silo

• Planning and Logistics

- Shuttering system and working platform is procured and assembled on-site
- Concrete is batched and delivered on-site. Concrete batching is critical if concrete
is to be poured continuously
- Concrete can be poured via crane + bucket, or by the use of boom truck
- Concrete is usually poured continuously as the slipform rises at a slow rate
 Cast in Place/Slipform Tower Silo
• Methodology:
 Cast in Place/Slipform Tower Silo
• Methodology for assembly of slipform system:
- Pour base slab and let it harden
- Connect jack to jack stands, and assemble on top of base slab
- Add horizontal connection straps for shutters
- Add consoles for platform
- Assemble shutters
- Place hydraulic screws and cavity pipes
- Place platforms
- Add handrails and other safety features
- Concrete pouring + jack-up
- Installation of lower scaffold, placement of platforms and safety features
- Continuous concrete pouring and vibration, and jacking-up
 Cast in Place/Slipform Tower Silo
• Methodology for boom
truck:
- Concrete is transferred
from mixing truck to
concrete boom pump
- Boom pump arm can be
remote-controlled
 Vertical –
Stave Tower
Silo
 Vertical – Stave Tower Silo

• Materials required:
- Precast concrete blocks (staves)
- Reinforcing hoops
- Hoop Lock
 Vertical – Stave Tower Silo

• Modern equipment used:

- No modern equipment is required to build stave silos
- Pulley system is usually used
- Tower crane is not practical
 Vertical – Stave Tower Silo

• Manpower utilization
- Workers secure staves on a working platform
- Other workers relay the staves and hoops to workers on the platform via a pulley
system
 Vertical – Stave Tower Silo

• Planning and Logistics

- The precast staves are manufactured and delivered on-site for storage on-site
- The staves and hoops are preferably stored in a warehouse on-site
- Staves and hoops are transported from bottom of silo to working platform
- Tower cranes may not be practical since the staves are relatively light and can be
transported via pulley
- Spacing between hoops is smaller at the lower layers of the silo
Vertical – Stave Tower Silo
 Vertical – Stave Tower Silo

• Methodology:
- First layer of staves is laid above
foundation
- Hoop segments are placed at the
circumference of the staves
- Hoops are secured in place with hoop
locks
- More interlocking layers are stacked and
secured with hoops until silo is
completed
 Vertical – Low Oxygen

• Materials required:
- Open base steel cylinders (blue or green in
color)
- Can be made with reinforced concrete
- Steel reinforcing hoops
 Vertical – Low Oxygen

• Modern equipment used:

• Hydraulic Jack
 Vertical – Low Oxygen

• Manpower utilization
- Jacking up of hydraulic jack system is operated
- Construction of this type of silo is not manpower and resource intensive
 Vertical – Low Oxygen

• Planning and Logistics

- Cylinders are delivered on-site
- Hydraulic jacks are set-up
- Is designed to minimize oxygen inside silo
- Done to prevent decay and molding
- No exterior openings
 Vertical – Low Oxygen

4:50 – 5:17
 Vertical – Low Oxygen

• Methodology:
- First cylinder is placed above foundation
- Hydraulic jack is installed
- The topmost layer is placed above the hydraulic jack system
- Topmost layer is jacked-up
- The hoops are secured in place, and further layers jacked-up, until the silo is complete
- Climbing ladder is also secured as the layers stack-ups
Silo Foundation
 Silo Foundation

• Foundations are made of reinforced concrete

• Foundations for silos are circular in shape
• May vary with design of engineer
 Silo Foundation

• Foundations are made of reinforced concrete

• Foundations for silos are circular in shape
• May vary with design of engineer
Silo Foundation
Silo Foundation
Bunker - Trench Silo
 Horizontal – Bunker Silo

• Bunker silos are trenches, usually with concrete walls, that are filled and
packed with tractors and loaders.
• The filled trench is covered with a plastic tarp to make it airtight.
• These silos are usually unloaded with a tractor and loader.
• They are inexpensive and especially well suited to very large operations
Horizontal – Bunker Silo

• Materials Required:
- Natural earth
- Concrete
- Timber
- Sheet Steel
- Pre-cast bunker walls
 Horizontal – Bunker Silo

• Modern Equipment Used:

- Loaders
- Excavators
- Trucks
- Cranes
 Horizontal – Bunker Silo

• Manpower Utilization:
- Will only focus on placing the
precast bunker walls
- Heavy equipment operators will
do most of the work for the
placing
1. Loaders
2. Cranes
 Horizontal – Bunker Silo

• Planning and Logistics:

- Paving of site location
- Pre-cast bunker wall must be set on the day of installation
- Delivery of bunker walls on-site
- Installation or placing of pre-cast bunker walls to form a bunker silo
 Horizontal – Bunker Silo

• Methodology:
- Precast bunker walls are manufactured and delivered on-site for placing.
- Loader and truck operators will flatten and align the pavement
- Crane operators will do the placing of the pre-cast bunker walls.
- If concrete pour, a concrete boom and mixer is needed.
Bag Silo
 Horizontal – Bag Silo

• Bag silos are heavy plastic tubes, usually around 8 to 12 ft (2.4 to 3.6 m) in
diameter, and of variable length as required for the amount of material to be
stored.
• They are packed using a machine made for the purpose, and sealed on both
ends. They are unloaded using a tractor and loader or skid-steer loader.
• The bag is discarded in sections as it is torn off. Bag silos require little capital
investment.
• They can be used as a temporary measure when growth or harvest conditions
require more space, though some farms use them every year.
 Horizontal – Bag Silo

• Materials Required:
- Triple layer of thick laminated
extruded plastic (polyethylene)
 Horizontal – Bag Silo

• Modern Equipment Used:

- Tractor
- Hydraulic Control (Tractor)
- Extractor
 Horizontal – Bag Silo

• Manpower Utilization:
- Operator of tractor
- Layer persons for Bag Silo (can also be the tractor operator)
 Horizontal – Bag Silo

• Planning and Logistics:

- Silo bags are manufactured with the use of “Polyethylene”
- Buyer should tell the dealer exactly how it will be used
- Delivered by the manufacturer
- Placed on firm, level and well-drained ground
Horizontal – Bag Silo

• Methodology:
- Hitch tractor to the extractor
- Connect hydraulic hoses for
extractor to tractor
- Back the tractor in the silo bag to
start loading or unloading