M

makroekonomika

leqcia 9
ekonomikuri zrda
(solous modeli)

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 sawarmoo funqcia

sawarmoo funqcia
 ekonomikaSi waemoebis moculoba(Y) damokidebulia xelmisawvdom resursTa raodenobaze,
iseTze rogoricaa Sroma(L) da kapitali(K) da agreTve am resursebis mwarmoeblurobaze(A).
kavSiri resursebsa da gamoSvebis moculobas Soris aRiwereba sawarmoo funqciis saSualebiT:

 Tu Cven gamoviyenebT CvenTvisYnacnob  AFkob-duglasis

( K , L) sawarmoo funqcias, romelsac
Semdegi saxe aqvs:
Y  AK
sadac, α - aris kapitalis elastikuroba warmoebis

L ,  mimarT;
moculobis    1 β - Sromis elastikuroba
warmoebis moculobis mimarT.
 elastikuroba gviCvenebs Tu ramdeni procentiT icvleba warmoebis moculoba cvledi
faqtoris(Sromis an kapitalis) erTi erTeuliT cvlilebisas.
 Cven SegviZlia kob-duglasis sawarmoo funqcia Semdegi saxiT CavweroT:

Y A K L
  
Y A K L
miviRebT sawarmoo funqciis gantolebas zrdis tempebiT. sadac ΔY/Y, ΔA/A, ΔK/K da ΔL/L, aris
Sesabamisad warmoebis moculobis, mwarmoeblurobis, kapitalis da Sromis zrdis tempebi. 2
 solous modeli

solous modeli ZiriTadi daSvebebi

 solous modeli ganixilavs ekonomikas, rogorc droSi(dinamikaSi) ganviTarebads. is
eyrdnoba ramdenime ZiriTad daSvebas:
1. fasebi elastikuria;
2. erToblivi moTxovnis funqsiis ugulvebelyofa, radgan elastikur fasebs
wonasworobaSi mohyavs erToblivi motxovba da erToblivi miwodeba;
3. investiciebis funqciis ugulvebelyofa, radgan wonasworobaSi I=S;
 agreTve Semdeg daSvebebs:
1. mosaxleoba izrdeba da misi zrdis tempi fiqsirebuli sididea;
2. modelSi ugulvebelyofilia saxelmwifo da sagareo seqtori;

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 solous modeli

solous modeli
 zemoT moyvanili daSvebebidan Cven SegviZlia CavweroT:
Yt  C t  I t
 Tu yvela maCvenebels daviyvanT erT muSaxelze(gavyofT -ze), maSin: Lt
sadac: y t  c t  it
 y t  Y t -/ erT
L t muSaxelze warmoebis moculoba;
 c t  C t -/ moxmareba
Lt erT muSaxelze;
 i  I -/ investiciebi
Lt erT muSaxelze;
t t

 masStabis mudmivi ukugebis kanonis ZaliT mixedviT gveqneba:

Yt K 
yt   F  t ,1 
Lt  Lt 
 sadac, K t / L  kt
- tkapitalis maragebi erT muSaxelze igive kapitalSeiaraReba;
amis gaTvaliswinebiT SegviZlia CavweroT:
y t  F ( k t ,1)  f ( k t )
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 solous modeli

kapitalis zRvruli produqti

yt yt  f (k t )

y  tg   MPk  f ( k  1 )  f ( k )
t
/
t t

kt
 MPk
- kapitalis zRvruli produqti - gviCvenebs, kapitalSeiaraRebis erTi
erTeuliT gazrda ramdeni erTeuliT gazrdis warmoebis moculobas erT
muSaxelze;
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 solous modeli

S=I
 radgan y  cda i
t
c  (1  s ) y
t t t t t

sadac (1  s )
moxmarebist wilia SemosavlebSi;
 maSin, y  (1  s ) y  i
t t t t

yt f (k ) t
 saidanac, s y i
t t t

c sf ( k )
 maSsadame s f ( k )  i t t
t t t
y t

i t

kt 6
 moTxovna investiciebze

kapitalis cveTis norma(amortizaciis norma)

 yovelwliurad kapirali cvdeba da raRac nawili akldeba kapitalis maragebs amitom
mTliani investiciuri xarjebi(It) oyofa ori nawilad:1) amortizirebuli kapitalis
Canacvleba (dK); 2) wminda investiciebi(ΔK); Sedegad erT muSaxelze
gadaangariSebiT wminda investiciebi tolia:

K yt
 i  dk  s y  dk 1
t
dk
L
t t t t t
t
t
 d amortizaciis normaa. magaliTad Tu
d=0.2, es niSnavs rom yovelwliurad
cvdeba kapitalis 20% da mis investiciebze
aRdgenisaTvis investiciebze moTxovna moTxovna, roca
iqneba . n=0
dk t
d
kt 7
 moTxovna investiciebze

mosaxleobis zrdis tempi

 Tu mosaxleobis raodenoba icvleba raRac mudmivi n sididiT, maSin izrdeba
moTxovna wminda investiciebze.
 radgan k  , K / L –s zrdis tempi
maSin k iqneba:
t t t t
 k t  K t  Lt  K t
   n yt investiciebze (d  n )k
kt Kt Lt Kt moTxovna, roca
t

 saidanac, mosaxleobis zrdiT gamowveuli dk t

n≠0
investiciebze moTxovna, erT muSaxelze
gadaangariSebiT tolia:

K t
  k  nk  2 
L
t t
 Tu gavaerTianebT (1) da (2) gantolebas
miviRebT wminda investiciebis gantolebas: dn
kt
 k  sy  ( d  n ) k
t t t
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 mdgradi mdgomareoba

mdgradi mdgomareoba
 mdgradi mdgomareoba igive grZelvadiani wonasworobis mdgomareoba gulisxmobs, rom
erToblivi moTxovna da erToblivi miwodeba erTmaneTis toli unda iyos da Cveni erTerTi
daSvebis mixedviTac S=I, amitom

 k t  sf ( k t )  ( d  n ) k t f (k ) t

sf ( k t )   k t  ( d  n ) k t yt ( d  n )k t

 vinaidan ( d aris
n )moTxovna
kt investiciebze sf ( k ) t
erT muSaze gadaandariSebiT (i); iqneba
(k t ) 
sfmuSaze
investiciebis miwodeba erT
gadaangariSebiT. amitom
mdgradi
(d 
aris n ) k t  sfwonasworobis
grZelvadiani ( k t ); piroba
k t  anu
0; mdgomareoba
ekonomikis mdgrad mdgomareobis piroba.

kt 9
 mdgradi mdgomareoba

mdgrad mdgomareobaSi gadasvla

 mdgradi mdgomareobaSi ewodeba k t kapitalSeiaraRebis mdgradi done.
*

 dauSvaT ekonomika ar imyofeba kapitalSeiararebis mdgrad doneze da imyofeba ragac F

wertilSi sadac kapiralSeiaraRebis mdgradi done tolia. am mdgomareobaSi investiciebis k t1
miwodeba masze moTxovnaze metia rac mxolod Semdgom periodSi
f (k )
t
zrdis kapitalis maragebs. Sedegad izrdeba yt  d  nkt
moTxovna investiciebze, radgan kapiralis
moculobis zrda zrdis cveTis moculobas da ase sf ( k )t
grZeldeba manam sanam ekonomika mdgrad
mdgomareobaSi ar gadava.

k t1 k t* kt
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 mdgradi mdgomareoba

mdgradi mdgomareobis cvlileba – danazogebis normis

cvlileba

dazogvis normid cvlileba niSnavs rom

investiciebis miwodeba mcirdeba da
ekonomika aRmoCndema mdgomareobaSi f (k )t
sadac investiciebze moTxovna metia mis
miwodebaze. Sedegad amortizirebuli kapitali
yt  d  nkt
veRar ganaxldeba da kapitalis maragebi
Semcirdeba, rac niSnavs rom moTxovna s1 f ( k t )
investiciebze Semcirdeba. es Semcireba
gagrZeldeba manam sanam ekonomika s2 f ( k t )
mdgrad mdgomareobaSi ar gadava.

k t* k t* kt
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 kapitalSeiaRebis oqros wesi

kapitalSeiaRebis oqros wesi

 sazogadoebas interesi mdgomareobs saqonlisa da momsaxurebis moxmarebis
maqsimizirebaSi. kapitalSeiaraRebis iseTi done rodesac moxmarebis maqsimaluri
done miiRweva kapitalSeiararebis oqros wesi ewodeba - .
 k **
anu Cven gvainteresebs iseTi kapitalSeiaraRebis done romlisTvisac
t

c * gantoleba
amisaTvis gavawarmooT  f ( k * )dagautoloT *
( d  n ) knuls Sedegad
max mivirebT:


t t t

/
c t  f / ( k t* )  (( d  n ) k t* ) /  MPk  ( d  n )  0
*
MPk  ( d  n )

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 kapitalSeiaRebis oqros wesi

yt
 d  nkt
f (kt )
c t  max

sf ( k t )
MPk

k t** kt
ct

c t  max

k t** kt 13
 mosaxleobis zrda

mosaxleobis zrda
 mosaxleobis zrdis tempebis daCqareba
amcirebs kapital- SeiaraRebis dones da
ekonomika gadayavs kapitalSeiataRebis
ufro dabal mdgrad mdgo-mareobaSi da n  n f (k )t

mwarmoeblurobis ufro dabal doneze. yt  d  n  k t

 damatebiTi muSaxeli zrdis mSp-s mTlian  d  nkt
moculobas, magram amcirebs mSp-s erT
muSaxelze (erT sul mosaxleze). s1 f ( k t )
 mosaxleobis zrdis tempebis daCqareba
amcirebs adamianebis keTildReobas

k t* k t* kt
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 mwarmoeblurobis zrda

mwarmoeblurobis zrda
 mwarmoeblurobis zrda –igive
teqnologiuri progresi zrdis erT
muSaxelze warmoebis moculobas da f1 ( kt )
gadaagil-deba zemoT.f ( k t )
f0 (kt )
 Tu danazogebis norma ar icvleba, maSin y
t
kapitalSeiar-arebis mdgradi done ufro  d  nkt
maRal doneze gadadis.
 Sedegad investiciebis zrda zrdis mSp-s. s1 f ( k t )
s0 f ( k t )

k t* k t* kt
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 ZiriTadi cnebebi da sakiTxebi

• kapitalis elastikuroba warmoebis • kapitalSeiaraReba

moculobis mimarT • kapitalis zRvruli produqti
• kapitalis elastikuroba warmoebis • kapitalis cveTis norma(amortizaciis
moculobis mimarT norma)
• mosaxleobis zrdis tempi

• kapitalSeiaraRebis mdgradi done.

• kapitalSeiararebis oqros wesi • mosaxleobis zrda
• mwarmoeblurobis zrda