Basic Electronics-BTAB02003

MPSTME- NMIMS Shirpur

Campus
Sem II (2015-16)
Lecture 11
Transformer Utilization Factor
 
TUF: =

A. C power rating of transformer =VRMS IRMS

D.C power delivered to the load =IDC2 RL

TUF of Half wave rectifier
 A C power rating of transformer =VRMS IRMS =(Vm /) x (Im /2)

Voltage is pure sinusoidal = (Vm /)

Current is half sinusoidal= (Im /2)

D.C power delivered to the load =IDC2 RL

IDC =Im /π Vm=Im x RL

TUF:- 0.28

Note:- the value of TUF is low which shows that in half wave circuit, the transformer is not fully utilised
TUF of full wave rectifier
 A C power rating of transformer =VRMS IRMS =(Vm /) x (Im /)

D.C power delivered to the load =IDC2 RL

IDC =2Im /π Vm=Im x RL

TUF:-0.812
Note:- the value of TUF is low which shows that in half wave circuit, the transformer is not fully utilised
Other applications of Diodes

Clipper and Clamper Circuits

Clippers:- Clipper circuits, also called limiter circuits, are used to
eliminate portion of a signal that are above or below a specified
level – clip value.

Series clippers
Parallel clippers
Biased clippers
Series clippers

The diode in a series clipper “clips” any

voltage that does not forward bias it:

•A reverse-biasing polarity
• A forward-biasing polarity less than 0.7 V (for
a silicon diode)

Ideal diode
 Parallel Clippers
The diode in a parallel clipper circuit
“clips” any voltage that forward biases it.

DC biasing can be added in series with

the diode to change the clipping level.
Biased Clippers
Adding a DC source in series with the
clipping diode changes the effective
forward bias of the diode.
Clippers

Vi

V’ = VB + V
L1
 Parallel Based Clippers
 Positive and negative clipping can be performed simultaneously by using a double limiter
or a parallel-based clipper.

 During +ve cycle when VI is less than (VB1 + cut in voltage) D1 is Reverse biased, D2 is
also reverse biased out put voltage is same as i/p voltage.
 When VI is greater than (VB1 + cut in voltage) D1 is forward biased, D2 is reverse biased the
output voltage is VB1 + cut in voltage
 The parallel-based clipper is designed with two diodes and two voltage sources oriented in
opposite directions.
 This circuit is to allow clipping to occur during both cycles; negative and positive
Summary of Clipper Circuits
Summary of Clipper Circuits
Summary of Clipper Circuits
Clampers:- Clamper Circuits, or briefly clampers are used to change the D.C. level of a
signal to a desired value.

A diode and capacitor can be

combined to “clamp” an AC signal
to a specific DC level.
 Clampers
● Clamping shifts the entire signal voltage
by a DC level.
 Consider, the sinusoidal input voltage
signal, vI.
 1st 900, the capacitor is charged up to
the peak value of Vi which is VM.
 Then, as Vi moves towards the –ve
cycle,
 the diode is reverse biased.
 Ideally, capacitor cannot discharge,
hence Vc = VM
 By KVL, we get

NOTE: The input signal is shifted by a dc

level; and that the peak-to-peak value is
the same
 Biased Clamper Circuits

The input signal can be any type of waveform

such as a sine, square, or triangle wave.

The DC source lets you adjust the DC camping level.

Summary of Clamper Circuits