CHALLENGES AND THOUGHTS ON RISK MANAGEMENT

AND CONTROL FOR THE GROUP CONSTRUCTION OF A

SUPER-LONG TUNNEL BY TBM
- Mingjiang Deng -

Instructure Prof. Tsung-Chieh Tsai ( 蔡宗潔 )

By Abel Agusta Banuboro – May 22, 2020
OUTLINE 2

INTRODUCTION
01 02 AIM

CONCLUSION
04 03 ANALYSIS
INTODUCTION 3

The construction of the Ka–Shuang tunnel has been regarded as an unprecedented

challenge for project construction management, risk control, and safe and efficient
construction; it has also presented higher requirements for the design, manufacture,
operation, and maintenance of the TBMs and their supporting equipment.

Tunnels represent a costly part of the infrastructure and because the progress of their
construction is highly uncertain. Compared to other types of linear infrastructure, this
additional uncertainty arises from the unpredictable geotechnical environment, where
the tunnels are built

2006
AIM 4

To
To analyze
analyze the
the major
major
problems
problems confronted
confronted
by
by the
the construction
construction
especially
especially in
in tunnel
tunnel
construction
construction To
To classify
classify the
the risk
risk
level,
level, and
and make
make aa
control
control mechanism
mechanism
of
of Tunnel
Tunnel
Construction
Construction
ANALYSIS 5

TOPIC

03
RISK CONTROL
AND MECHANISM
TOPIC
STRUCTURE
01
TOPIC
PROJECT PROFILE
AND MAJOR
GEOLOGICAL
04
PROBLEM TECHNICAL
TOPIC SUPPORT FOR
RISK CONTROL
02
PROJECT
DIFFICULTIES AND
RISK
ASSESSMENT
ANALYSIS PROJECT PROFILE AND MAJOR 6

GEOLOGICAL PROBLEM
Deep-buried tunnels : The part that is <450 m is 357.7 km long, the part with a

1 450 m - 650 m is 96.8 km long, and the part >650 m is 61.5 km

Long-distance tunneling : The total tunneling mileage of the tunnel is 569 km

Project Profile and Major ( main tunnel : 516 km and 49-sub tunnel 53 km). There is 18 TBM to construct
this tunnel.
Feature
TBM group construction : This tunnel construct with 2 method, TBM (393 km)
and then drilling-and-blasting (123 km)

Word-record setting : The Ka–Shuang tunnel is the longest water-conveyance

tunnel in the world with the length 283 km.

Fault structure : The construction is passes through 8 regional fault structure

2 and the basic seismic intensity level is VII.

Formation lithology : The formation lithology mainly consist of granite, biotite

Geological Structure and gneiss, tuffaceous sandstone, tuff, and calcareous sandstone.
Formation Lithology
ANALYSIS PROJECT PROFILE AND MAJOR 7

GEOLOGICAL PROBLEM
There is 19 tunnel section where collapse may occur. These areas located in

3 regional fractured zone and in a local large secondary fractured zone.

The location of the tunnel section where water inrush may easily occur roughly
Evaluation of Major overlaps the location of possible collapse.

Geological Problems in The Two tunnel sections pass through a moderate rockburst zone: The Xi–Er tunnel
Projects and the Ka–Shuang tunnel. The rock strength-stress ratio is 3–4.

Large plastic deformation may easily occur in the soft rock tunnel section, which
has a total length of 38 km.

Issues with high geotemperature, radioactivity, and harmful gas are not
present.

The presence of an active fault has a certain influence on the lining structure of
the tunnel.
 ANALYSIS PROJECT DIFFICULTIES AND RISK 8

ASSESSMENTS
1. Major Difficulties in The Project

Excavation evaluation of the

TBM and drilling-and-
2 The design and
manufacturing of TBMs
4 Geological prospecting
and risk prevention and
6
blasting methods and and TBM intelligent control
sublevel tunneling tunneling

Safety issues regarding Safety and security of Soft rock deformation and
TBM entering and TBMs and Supporting the selection of a
tunneling facilities construction plan

1 3 5
 ANALYSIS PROJECT DIFFICULTIES AND RISK 9

ASSESSMENTS
2. Project construction and classification of construction risk

Regional fault structure zones

01
Large plastic deformation of
extremely soft rock
Soil and water conservation and
07
ecological protection
Construction quality, construction
period, and investment control

03 The safety of operation channels

02 09 Working environment and labor
08
security
Run-through survey and traverse-
Secondary fault fractured zone survey control

04 Manufacturing, operation, and

05
maintenance of TBMs
Operation and management of
supporting facilities
10 Spare parts dynamic management
11
Hard rock excavation and
moderate rock bust

06 12
ANALYSIS PROJECT DIFFICULTIES AND RISK 10

ASSESSMENTS

Fig. 4 A block diagram classifying the construction risks for group construction of a
super-long tunnel by TBMs
 ANALYSIS RISK CONTROL AND MECHANISM 11

STRUCTURE

Risk control by different

responsible Parties 01

General Ideas : Level-to-

Risk control by different
levels 02
1 level control of classified
risks by responsinility
allocation

Risk control by different

classifications 03
ANALYSIS RISK CONTROL AND MECHANISM 12

STRUCTURE

01 The principle of ‘‘515” full-coverage monitoring, guided by advanced

2
geological prospecting

Management and 02 The principle of ‘‘20 + 120” fixed-point control and relying on
construction work groups.
Control Principles

03 The principle of ‘‘5 support 1” early warning and monitoring, relying

on TBMs and ancillary equipment.
ANALYSIS RISK CONTROL AND MECHANISM 13

STRUCTURE
Mechanism Framework
Clarifying the three main responsible
1 parties

2
Establishing a prevention-and-control center

3
3 Forming a rescue and maintenance team

4 Relying on advanced technology

 ANALYSIS RISK CONTROL AND MECHANISM 14

STRUCTURE

Fig. 5 A block diagram of the risk-control

mechanism for super-long tunnel
construction
 ANALYSIS TECHNICAL SUPPORT FOR RISK 15

CONTROL
1 1.1. Establishing a comprehensive system of advanced geological
prospecting
Advanced Porspecting of a. Information sharing and exchanges
b. Consultation and decision-making
Geological Disasters c. Advanced disaster control

1.2. The progress of TBM-mounted geological prospecting technology

Common Geological Prospecting Method :
1. Tunnel Seicmic Prediction (TSP)
2. Tunnel Geological Prediction (TGP)
3. Tunnel Reflection Tomography (TRT)
4. Tunnel Seismic Tomography (TST)
New Geological Prospecting Method :
5. Horizontal Seismic Profiling (HSP)
6. Rock-mass Temperature Probing (RTP)
7. The Boring Machine Seismic Tomography (BMST)
 ANALYSIS TECHNICAL SUPPORT FOR RISK 16

CONTROL
2
Rock-Machine Perception
and Intelligent Tunneling

2.3 Intelligent tunneling

2.1 Problem and decision optimization
2.2 Rock-machine
Lack of perception
1 perception and
Strategies of intelligent
tunneling 1
information interaction
Lack of decision-making
2 The perception of information about
Intelligent tunneling
2
equipment and the evaluation of
operating conditions
1
Lack of a platform
3 The perception of information about
Efficient tunneling
3
surrounding rocks and the
evaluation of working conditions
2
Rock-machine information exchange
Economical tunneling
4
and a big data platform 3
Energy-saving tunneling
5
 ANALYSIS TECHNICAL SUPPORT FOR RISK 17

CONTROL

Fig. 6 Diagram of the relations between

major tunneling indexes
 ANALYSIS TECHNICAL SUPPORT FOR RISK 18

CONTROL

3 Cloud platform is one of the technical support wa used to share information

about the management of TBM Tunneling. The platform consists of a monitoring-
An Information System and-command center, five sub-centers, and nine functional systems (Fig. 7). The
goal of building a systematic management and decision-making information
for Comprehensive platform is to set up a data-sharing mechanism, break down information barriers,
Management of TBM and achieve data sharing. This is convenient for big data mining and will promote
development and technological progress in the TBM industry.
Tunneling

03
 ANALYSIS TECHNICAL SUPPORT FOR RISK 19

CONTROL

Fig. 7 An information system for

management and decision-making for
the TBM tunneling of a super-long
tunnel
 ANALYSIS TECHNICAL SUPPORT FOR RISK 20

CONTROL

4 Safety, high efficiency, and intelligent tunneling are the general objectives of
super-long tunnel construction. The result of the coupling between the
Establishing a risk-control management mechanism and the technical measures was a six-property
comprehensive technical support system for the risk control of the TBM cluster
integrated technical construction of a super-long tunnel (Fig. 8). These six properties are:
support system 1. Institutionalization of strict control,
2. Risk resolution,
3. Scientific decision-making,
4. Controllable deformation,
5. Intelligent control, and
6. Perceptual informatization.

04
 ANALYSIS TECHNICAL SUPPORT FOR RISK 21

CONTROL

Fig. 8 The six-property comprehensive

technical support system for the risk
control of the TBM cluster construction
of a super-long tunnel
 CONCLUSION 22

The construction of a super-long water conveyance

tunnel involves many aspects. Establishing a scientific
and effective risk-control mechanism is key in
01 controlling risk and organizing construction China has made remarkable progress in the
development and application of advanced geological
prospecting technology, which has provided a good
technical means for risk prevention and control.
04 01 However, for major geological disasters, a TBM
geological prospecting system was established that
could achieve real-time tracking and detection
Based on technologies, rock-machine
perception and information interaction
Conclusio
can be improved, an evaluation system
for operating status and tunneling n
02
adaptability can be established, and
intelligent control software can
developed in order to install a ‘‘brain” in
the TBMs. This will enable the
03 02
construction of informatization and
intelligentization, which are important
measures in movingthe risk control of
super-long tunnel construction into a Continuous research and innovation must be carried out, with particular attention
new phase. to the research and development of complete sets of equipment and application
servicing, in order to enhance the adaptability, durability, and reliability of key
components, and to ensure fast, durable, and efficient excavation of super-long
04 03 tunnels.
 23

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