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Care of Child Ortho
Care of Child Ortho
INTRODUCTION
The human body is made up of nearly 206 bones that protects and
preserve the shape of the soft tissues in the body. Our skeletal system
comprises of bones and cartilages that control and direct internal
pressure and provide stability and anchoring points for other soft
tissues. The bones in our body are joined to each other through
ligaments which are tough bands of connective tissue and the muscles
are connected to the bones through tendons. In addition to supporting
weight of the body, bones work together with muscles to maintain
body positions and to produce controlled, precise movements. Without
the skeleton to pull against, muscle fibers alone could not make a
person sit, stand, walk or run.
FUNCTIONS OF SKELETAL SYSTEM
• Provide structural support for the entire
body.
• Stores minerals and lipids. Calcium is the
most abundant mineral in the body. 99% of
the body’s calcium found in the skeleton.
• Produce blood cells.
• Protect body organs from injuries.
• Provide leverage and movement.
COMMON MUSCULOSKELETAL
DISORDERS
• Bursitis • Talipes equinovarus
• Sprain • Tendonitis
• Arthritis • Rickets
• Scoliosis • Kyphosis
• Osteomyelitis • Poliomyelitis
DISORDERS OF SPINAL CORD
KYPHOSIS
Kyphosis is a curving of the spine that causes a bowing or
rounding of the back, which leads to a hunch back or
slouching posture.
Management
• Congenital kyphosis requires corrective surgery in early age.
Scheuermann’s disease is treated with a brace and physical
therapy. Occasionally surgery is needed for large and painful
curves. For debilitating deformity or pain, surgery is an
option.
Congenital scoliosis:
• Child's age.
• Austere trimmy
• Assessment of child
• Rest
Nursing diagnosis
• Impaired physical mobility related to the disease process an activity
restrictions.
• Risk for impaired skin integrity related to skin contact with the brace.
• Bed rest
• Bucks extension
• Use crutches
OSGOOD SCHLATTER DISEASE
The classic picture of Osgood schlatter disease is bilateral knee pain
that is exacerbated by running, jumping or climbing stairs in a very
active adolescent boy or girl who is involved in sports activities. The
child will point to the tibial tubercle as the site of pain.
Management
• Cold application
• Analgesics and NSAIDs
• Avoid long term immobilization
• Inform patient to avoid pain producing activity
• Use support devices
• Exercises
• Physical therapy (Acute and Chronic phase)
OSTEOGENESIS IMPERFECTA
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), also known
as brittle bone disease, is a group
of genetic disorders that mainly affect
the bones. It results in bones
that break easily. The severity may be mild
to severe. Other symptoms may include a
blue tinge to the whites of the eye, short
height, loose joints, hearing loss, breathing
problems and problems with the
teeth. Complications may include cervical
artery dissection and aortic dissection.
Management
Medical
• Intake of calcium and vitamin D
• IV Pamidronate
• Risdronate
Surgical
• Intramedullary rod placement
• Surgery for basilar impression
• Correction of scoliosis
Home care
• Physical therapy
• Nutrition
• Oral hygiene
Nursing diagnosis
swelling