Professional Documents
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Neutrophils: in Health and Disease
Neutrophils: in Health and Disease
Neutrophils: in Health and Disease
disease : an Overview
Journal of oral and maxillofacial pathology, Volume 10, Issue 1, Jan – June 2006
Presented by :
Dr.Kush Pathak
Introduction
• Neutrophils are so named because of their neutral staining with wright stain.
• Types of neutrophils :
Azurophilic (primary) granules.
Specific (Secondary) granules.
Gelatinase (tertiary) granules.
Secretory vesicles.
• Granules have fine granular matrix bounded by a typical
membrane.
• Azurophilic granules contain myeloperoxidase, defensins, lysozyme, azurocidin etc., which have antibacterial
function.
• Specific granules are 3 times more common in cytoplasm and release of it’s contents like collagenase,
apolactoferrin, lysozyme, histaminase, etc., may modify the infalmmatory process.
Sex Indicated By Leukocytes
• Only one X chromosome is essential for normal activity of cell
; the other in normal XX female remains unextended and thus
is visible as a chromatin body.
• Gingival sulcus is the main portal for entry of leukocytes in the oral
cavity.
• These cells have phagocytic and killing capacity and thus constitute
a protective mechanism against plaque extension in the gingival
sulcus.
• Neutrophils within the gingival crevice provide the first cellular host
mechanisms to control periodontal bacteria.
• If PMNs, are unsuccessful, monocytes are recruited which
infiltrate in the connective tissue and then by developing into
the macrophages, digest the antigen.
Papillon – Lefevre syndrome Reduced PMN motility (Van Rapid generalised destruction
is a rare autosomal recessive Dyke 1984) and reduced of alveolar bone
disorder. PMN bactericidal activity Early loss of Deciduous and
(Sham El et 1984) have been Permanent teeth
reported. Tissues heal rapidly without
sequelae until the permanent
teeth eruption.
Recently associated with
individuals with a mutation
in cathepsin C gene.
Condition Neutrophil Abnormality Oral Manifestation
• They are major cell types in micro abscess formation and very
effective at destroying and phagocytizing bacteria or dead
cells.
PERIAPICAL LESIONS
Cell lysis.
Phagocytosis of cells, debris, exudate, foreign particles, immune complexes and erythrocytes.
• They are the first immune cells to arrive at a site of infection, through a
process known as chemotaxis.
• They are the main component of pus and are responsible for it’s white
color.
• Neutrophils can release a net of fibers called a neutrophil
extracellular trap (NET), which serves to trap and kill
microbes outside of the cell.
• [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrophil_granulocyte#Anti-microbial
Function]
• Neutrophils have 3 strategies for directly attacking
microorganisms:
Phagocytosis
Superoxide
Hydrogen Superoxide
Peroxide dismutases
Hypochlorous acid
(HCIO)
Neutrophil granulocyte
migrates from the blood
vessel to the matrix,
sensing proteolytic
enzymes, in order to
determine intercellular
connections (to the
improvement of its
mobility) and envelop
bacteria through
Phagocytosis.
Robbins’ Pathologic Basis of Disease
7th edition
DEGRANULATION
Neutropenia -
Low neutrophil counts are termed as neutropenia, and makes a
patient highly susceptible to infections.
[Thomas E Van Dyke and George A. Hoop. Neutrophil function and Oral Disease. Oral Biology and
Medicine 1990; 1, 2 ; 117 – 133]
• AIDS –
Abnormalities in leukocyte number and functions contribute to the high incidence of
infection in patients with HIV.
Oral manifestations related to neutrophil dysfunction in AIDS are oral lesions and
periodontal breakdown.
[Thomas E Van Dyke and George A. Hoop. Neutrophil function and Oral Disease. Oral Biology and Medicine 1990; 1, 2 ; 117 – 133]
CONCLUSION