B A N D U R A ’ S

A T I ON A L L E A R N I N G
OBSERV
PREPARED BY: GROUP 9
Modeling/Observational Learning
Observational learning is learning that
occurs through observing the behavior of
others. This form of learning does not need
reinforcements to occur, but instead,
requires a model. A social model can be a
parent, sibling, friend, or teacher, but –
particularly in childhood – a model is
someone of authority or higher status.
Albert
Bandura
Vicarious Reinforcement
- Involves learning through observation of the
consequences of actions for other people.
- When a learner observes someone they
identify with and the role model receives
reinforcement, the learner is motivated to
imitate the behavior as if they had been
reinforced themselves.
Ex. Bobo Doll Experiment
 ATTENTION
Extent to which we focus on others’
behavior.

RETENTION
Our ability to retain a representation
of others’ behavior in memory.
OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING
Acquisition and later performance of
behaviors demonstrated by others.
PRODUCTION PROCESSES
Our ability to actually perform the
actions we observe.

MOTIVATION
Our need for the actions we witness:
their usefulness to us.
Observational Learning

2 Stages of Observational Learning

- Acquisition Behavior is
- Performance learned and then
remains “latent”
until needed.
EPS OF OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING:
1. Attention: must be paid to features of another’s
actions.
2. Retention: behaviors must be remembered in
order to be carried out.
3. Reproduction: must be able to carry out the
observed behavior.
4. Motivation: must be a reason for carrying out
the behavior.
 ELEMENTS OF OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING
The learner plays an active role in the learning process.

REPRODUCTION MOTIVATION-
ATTENTION RETENTION Depending on physical REINFORCEMENT
Learners pay attention Learner mentally capabilities, the learner Reinforcement
in order to observe the represents and retains converts the mental influences motivation to
modelled behavior. what has been observed. representations into perform the learned
actions. behavior.
Modeled Behavior

Attention

Retention

Reproduction

Motivation

Matching Behavior
 ROLE MODELS
We don’t model the behavior of all people equally.
At a young age, parents
are the biggest influence.
As we grow older, the
best role models are
always the people you
Celebrities
are most similar to: for
example, your own age
and gender.

Parents Peers