INTRODUCTION TO

STATISTICS
Presented BY:

Floriane z. esteron
Jade llait
1.1 Statistics
1.2.1 Descriptive Statistics
1.2.2 Inferential Statistics
1.2 Uses of Statistics
1.3 Variable
1.3.1 Qualitative Variables
1.3.2 Quantitative Variables
 "WHAT IS STATISTICS?"

Statistics is a collection of
mathematical techniques that help to
analyze and present data.
Statistics is also used in associated
tasks such as designing experiments
and surveys and planning the collection
 TYPES OF
STATISTICS
• Descriptive statistics
• Inferential statistics
DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS

Are methods for organizing and

summarizing data.
For example, tables or graphs are used to
organize data, and descriptive values such
as the average score are used to summarize
data.
A descriptive value for a population is
called a parameter and a descriptive value
for a sample is called a statistic
INFERENTIAL STATISTICS
Are methods for using sample data to make general
conclusions (inferences) about populations.
Because a sample is typically only a part of the
whole population, sample data provide only limited
information about the population. As a result,
sample statistics are generally imperfect
representatives of the corresponding population
parameters.
FUNCTION OR USES OF STATISTICS

1. Statistics helps in providing a better

understanding and exact description of a
phenomenon of nature.
2. Statistics helps in the proper and efficient
planning of a statistical inquiry in any field
of study.
3. Statistics helps in collecting appropriate
quantitative data.
(4) Statistics
 helps in presenting complex data in a
suitable tabular, diagrammatic and graphic form for easy
and clear comprehension of the data.

(5) Statistics
 helps in understanding the nature and
pattern of variability of a phenomenon through
quantitative observations.

(6) Statistics
 helps in drawing valid inferences, along
with a measure of their reliability about the population
parameters from the sample data.
VARIABLE

A variable is a characteristic
or condition that can change
or take on different values.
Quantitative Variable
 Quantitative variables have a value and they
can be added, subtracted, divided or
multiplied.

Qualitative Variable
 Also called a categorical
variable, are variables that are not
numerical. It describes data that fits into
categories
For example:

Eye colors (variables include: blue,

green, brown, hazel).
States (variables include: Florida, New
Jersey, Washington).
Dog breeds (variables include: Alaskan
Malamute, German Shepherd, Siberian
Husky, Shih tzu).
Quantitative Variable Qualitative Variables
Fractions Cat breeds
Decimals Cities
Odd Numbers Fast Food Chains
Whole Numbers College Major
Irrational Numbers Fraternities
Ordered pairs (x,y) Hair Color
Negative Numbers Computer Brands
Map coordinates Beer breweries
Positive Numbers Pop music genre
Exponents Tribe
THANK YOU
