INTERIM PRESENTATION

PETROFASHA SDN BHD

FIELD DEVELOPMENT PLAN
GELAMA MERAH FIELD
1
ORGANIZATIONAL CHART
Project
Project Manager
Manager
Ali
Ali Bin
Bin Bahari
Bahari

Production
Geology
Geology &
& Geophysic
Geophysic Reservoir Engineer
Technology
Mohamad
Mohamad Hamidi
Hamidi Bin
Bin
Ali
Ali Bin
Bin Bahari
Bahari Nurshazwani
Nurshazwani Syuhada
Syuhada
Asri
Asri
Binti
Binti Al
Al Badri
Badri

Petrophysics
Petrophysics Facilities Engineer
Ali
Ali Bin
Bin Bahari
Bahari Wan
Wan Nurfadhlina
Nurfadhlina Binti
Binti
Wan Economics
Economics
Wan Apandi
Apandi
Nurshazwani
Nurshazwani Syuhada
Syuhada
Binti
Binti Al
Al Badri
Badri
Drilling Engineer
Satiah
Satiah A/P
A/P Wahab
Wahab
HSE Engineer
Wan
Wan Nurfadhlina
Nurfadhlina Binti
Binti
Wan
Wan Apandi
Apandi
2
INTERIM PRESENTATION

GEOLOGY &
GEOPHYSICS

Presented by: Ali bin Bahari

3
INTRODUCTION

Located in the offshore of Sabah basin and assumed nearby Semarang Asam Paya
Production Sharing Contract.
45 miles(72km) northwest of the Labuan Gas Terminal surrounded by shallow
reed with water depth of 30 feet(9m).
Sabah basin which is the mainly offshore located in North West of Sabah while
the other two basins cover some areas in the North East and South East of
onshore Sabah.
Has 6 tectonostratigraphic province which are Rajang Group Fold-Thrust Belt,
Inboard Belt, Baram Delta, Outboard Belt, North West Sabah Trough and North
West Sabah Platform

4
RESERVOIR CHARACTERIZATION
SABAH BASIN GELAMA MERAH FIELD

Sabah can be divided into 3 basin which are -Located in East Baram Delta Province in Sabah Basin
- Sabah Basin -Geographical coordinate was 05ᵒ 33’ 49.98ᵒ N, 114ᵒ 59’
- NE Sabah Basin 06.34ᵒE
- SE Sabah Basin -The field located in the West Labuan-Paisley Syncline
-Deposited in the later part of Middle Miocene sands 5
PLATE TECTONIC SYSTEM

4 Major tectonics event occurred in Sabah basin

Development and depositional during syn-riff phase( Eocene-Oligocene)
Transgression of deltaic deposits of during late syn-riff phase(Late Oligocene-Early
Miocene)
Tectonic quiescence during Middle Miocene
Inversion and folding of tectonics during Middle Miocene-Pleistocene

6
PETROLEUM SYSTEMS
-Maturations still undergoes changes from late Middle Miocene until
MATURATION AND MIGRATION present, where most of the area still undergoing subsidence.
-Present of faults is a major technique to contain the hydrocarbon and acts
as seals.
-Assumed high primary terrigenous organic matter and oils, sediment
SOURCES ROCK accumulation rate.
-There is no discrete, rich sources rock layers are known but the organic are
probably concentrated in marine condensed intervals. Coal beds underline
only a few of the reservoir and profoundly not enough for oil maturation.
-Gelama Merah Field consists of interbedded sandstones with thin shales
RESERVOIR ROCK layer of non-reservoir.
-The fielad also has upper shoreface sandstones of regressive parasequence
set and fluvial and tidal sandstones filling incised valleys cut during
lowstands.
-Most producing reservoirs are anticlinal features. Either rollover anticline
created by growth faulting or anticlinal features associated with wrench
TRAPS AND SEALS faults and some of it related was entirely sealing against faults. Moreover,
the seals probably either marine flooding surfaces or faults. There a
probability that the stratigraphic traps unrelated to anticlinal features.

7
2-DIMENSIONAL CROSS IMAGING

• Indicate the depth of the area from top view

• Consists of 9 layers of surface map
• Where WOC is located at 1535m and GOC at
1495

8
2-DIMENSIONAL CROSS IMAGING

Cross Section of
Gelama Merah
Field

9
 Gamma Ray Log interpretation

Section 1 (525m-1120m)
• Moderate value of Gr reading
• Showing sandstone with some shale in it, but mostly
sandstone with dolomite

Section 2 (1120m-1320m)
• High value of GR but does not compliment the value of
pure shale
• Most probably interbedding of shale with little amount of
sandstone
Section 3 (1320m-1626m)

• Showing a much lower Gr reading compared to section 1

• Mostly sandstone with little amount of shale

10
DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT

Cylindrical shape of Gamma ray log showing the consistency of its lithologies
It shows aggradation shape where has a characteristic of consistent trend
Has a consistent grain size
Most likely the deposits come from submarine fan on the sea floor , creating
consistent lithologies and grain sizes

11
GELAMA MERAH LITHOLOGIES

Depth (m) Lithologies

552-1120 Interbedding of :
1. Sandstone
2. dolomite
3. claystone
1120-1320 Interbedding of mostly claystone with thin
layer of sandstone
1320-1636 Interbedding of :
1. Sandstone
2. Claystone

12
GELAMA MERAH ST-1 LITHOLOGIES

Depth (m) Lithologies

560-1200 Interbedding of majorly sandstone with
claystone and dolomite
1200-1600 Dominant claystone interbedded with
sandstone
1600-1797 Interbedding of sandstone and claystone
with minor dolomite

13
GROSS ROCK VOLUME

GRV Min Average Max

Planimeter (acre-ft) 314,787,137.82 349,763,486.47 384,739,835.11
Trapesoidal method (acre-ft) 329,268,771.33 365,854,190.37 402,439,609.40

  GIIP (MMSCF) STOOIP (MMbbl)

  Min Average Max Min Average Max
Planimeter 2,312,418.54 2,569,353.94 2,826,289.33 23,304.29 25,893.66 28,483.02
Trapesoidal
645,920.01 717,688.90 789,457.79 30,351.24 33,723.60 37,095.96
method

14
UNCERTAINTIES

 The area obtained might not be the most accurate due to error that might occur
during calculating and measuring the contour map
 A range of 10% is applied so possible and probable reserves can be expected

15
INTERIM PRESENTATION

PETROPHYSICS

Presented by: Ali bin Bahari

16
 1.9 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9
490 490

Neutron Density log

590 590

690 690

790 790

- Gas zone can be identified through

890 890
butterfly effect, where neutron and
990 990
density log intertwined
- Oil zone can be determine with
1090 1090
DENB_1
Neutron
small intertwined between N-D log

1190 1190

1290 1290

1390 1390
Gas zone
1490 1490

Oil zone
1590 1590

0.65 0.45 0.25 0.05 -0.15

17
 0.2 2 20 200 200
495

RESISTIVITY LOG ANALYSIS

695

-Hydrocarbon zone is identified by high

895
resistivity from the log

RDEEP_1
RSHAL_1
109

129

Hydrocarbon
149
bearing zone

18
FORMULA

19
WATER SATURATION

• Three methods had been used which are simandoux,

poupon and archie equation
• It has had been done to show the effect of shaly sand
towards archie equation, as Archie’s Equation is suitable
for clean sand

20
CUT-OFF ANALYSIS (WATER SATURATION )
Sw cut off

800

600

400

200

0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1

21
CUT-OFF ANALYSIS (POROSITY)
Porosity cut off
1800

1600

1400

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1

22
CUT-OFF ANALYSIS (V SHALE )

Vshale cut off

1800

1600

1400

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1

23
SUMMARY OF RESERVOIR PROPERTIES

Fluid
Sand unit Porosity Water saturation types Fluid contact
min avg max min avg max    
U3.2(1320) 21% 25% 29% 72% 81% 89% GAS GOC
U4.0(1332) 17% 23% 29% 7% 43% 74% GAS  
U5.0(1361) 18% 23% 28% 12% 48% 79% GAS  
U6.0(1361) 18% 24% 29% 11% 36% 68% GAS  
U7.0(1375) 17% 21% 29% 16% 62% 88% GAS  
U8.0(1605) 16% 26% 35% 6% 38% 89% GAS  
U9.0(1436) 16% 25% 36% 6% 31% 83% GAS  
U9.1(1493.) 20% 25% 30% 18% 35% 69% GAS/OIL OWC
U9.2(1519) 16% 22% 27% 31% 63% 91% OIL  

24
INTERIM PRESENTATION

RESERVOIR
ENGINEERING

Presented by: Mohamad Hamidi bin Asri

25
RESERVOIR CHARACTERIZATION
2D Cross Sectional
1000 11000 21000 31000 41000 51000 61000
1250
1300
1350
1400
The payzone of the
Depth (m)

1450 reservoir will be from

1500 depth of 1495m to 1535m.
1550 GOC (1495m)
1600 OWC (1535m)
1650
1700
Length (m)

26
PRESSURE GRADIENT
Pressure Gradient
0.0 500.0 1000.0 1500.0 2000.0 2500.0
1200.0

1250.0

1300.0 Reservoir Calculated References Pressure

Fluid Pressure Gradient (psia/m)
1350.0 f(x) = 6.34 x − 11932.75 Gradient
Depth TVD (m)

1400.0
(psia/m)
Gas 0.1577 <0.22
1450.0
Oil 1.2136 0.22-1.23
1500.0
GOC
f(x) = at 1495m
7.41 x + 1496.47
1550.0 f(x) = 0.72 x − 17.65 Water 1.3951 1.23-1.68
1600.0

1650.0 OWC at 1545m References: Shaker, S, & States, 2002

Pressure

27
TEMPERATURE GRADIENT
Temperature Gradient
59.0 60.0 61.0 62.0 63.0 64.0 65.0 66.0 67.0
1200.0

1250.0

1300.0
Temperature Gradient

1350.0 f(x) = 39.65 x − 1029.79 ˚C/ft ˚C/km

Depth TVD (M)

1400.0
0.0077 25.2226
1450.0

1500.0

1550.0
Sabah basin has the temperature gradient
1600.0
range of 18.2˚C/km to 32˚C/km.
1650.0 (Asia, Exploration & Professional, 1981)
Temperature

28
FLUID CONTACT
Sand unit Top (m) Base (m) Thickness Gradient (psia/m) Reservoir fluid
U 3.2 1302.53 1324.84 22.31 Gas
U 4.0 1332.28 1344.38 12.1 Gas
U 5.0 1346.29 1353.61 7.32 Gas
U 6.0 1362.16 1370.64 8.48 0.1577 Gas
U 7.0 1375.26 1402.7 27.44 Gas
U 8.0 1405.76 1433.52 27.76 Gas
1436.35 1467.7 31.35 Gas
U 9.0
1467.7 1484.58 16.88 Oil
1.2136
U 9.1 1493.05 1505.51 12.46 Oil
U 9.2 1519.4 1571.67 52.27 1.3951 Water
29
RESERVOIR DATUM

Depth datum = 1545 – 1/3 (40) = 1531.67m

Pressure datum Temperature datum

2162.34 psia 64.61 ˚C

30
RESERVOIR ROCK PROPERTIES

Rock properties Min Avg Max

Porosity (φ) 0.21 0.235 0.26

Permeability (mD) 91.69 109.26 126.82

Compressibility (psi-1) 6.27E-06 6.96E-06 7.64E-06

Water Saturation 0.31 0.56 0.81

31
TERNARY DIAGRAM

COMPONENTS MOLE FRACTION

C1 + N2 28.93

C2 – C6 5.08

C7+ 66

32
PRESSURE GRADIENT

From the ternary diagram, the reservoir fluid can

be classified as black oil system
33
PHASE ENVELOPE
P-T Diagram
2500

2000 Bubble line

The reservoir is classified

Pressure (psia)

1500
as saturated reservoir

1000

500
Dew line

0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
Temperature (F)
34
OIL PROPERTIES

Properties Source Value

Density (lb/ft3) Well test 51.69
Viscosity (cp) Well test 1.337
Oil formation volume factor Well test 1.17
(bbl/stb)
Compressibility (psi-1) Vasque – Beggs Correlation 1.0301 x10-5

35
GAS PROPERTIES

Properties Source Value

Density (lb/ft3) Reservoir fluid study 1.538
Viscosity (cp) Reservoir fluid study 0.0125
Gas formation volume Reservoir fluid study 0.0523
factor (ft3/scf)
Solution gas/oil ratio Reservoir fluid study 336
(scf/stb)

36
WATER PROPERTIES

Properties Source Value

Viscosity (cp) Brill & Beggs correlation 0.4703
(1978)
Water formation volume 1.0074
factor
Compressibility (psi-1) Brill & Beggs correlation 2.98E-6
(1978)

37
CONCLUSION

• GOC= 1495M, OWC=1535M

• Pressure and temperature gradient are in the range of references
value.
• The reservoir rock properties obtained is in logical value
• Fluid properties of oil, gas and water also in logical value
• Reservoir is classified as saturated reservoir, with black oil system
• Obtain illogical value of STOOIP and GIIP. Recalculation is needed

38
BACKUP SLIDE

  GIIP (MMSCF) STOOIP (MMbbl)

  Min Average Max Min Average Max
Planimeter 2,312,418.54 2,569,353.94 2,826,289.33 23,304.29 25,893.66 28,483.02
Trapesoidal
method
645,920.01 717,688.90 789,457.79 30,351.24 33,723.60 37,095.96

39
INTERIM PRESENTATION

THANK YOU

40