DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

ANDHRA PRADESH
Name : K . Chandra Sekhar
Designation : Lecturer
Branch : Electrical & Electronics Engg.
Institute : Govt. Polytechnic, Hyderabad
Year/Semester : I Year
Subject : Elements of Electrical Engg.
Subject Code : EE-105
Topic : Electric Current- Ohm’s Law and
Resistance
Duration : 50 mts
Sub Topic : Infer Ohm’s Law and state it.
Teaching Aids : PPT, Animation, Diagrams
EE105.4 1
 Recap

In previous period we have studied about

• Conductor
• Insulator
• Semi Conductor

EE105.4 2
 Objectives

On completion of this period you would be able to know

• Charge
• Electric potential
• Potential difference
• Electro Motive Force
• Voltage
• Current

EE105.4 3
 Charge

• The excess or deficit of electrons in an atom

• Unit of charge ‘Coulomb’
• It is denoted by ‘Q’
• One coulomb of charge is equal to 6.28x1018 electrons

EE105.4 4
 Types of Charges

• Negative charge
• Positive charge

 Negative charge – excess of electrons

 Positive charge – deficit of electrons

EE105.4 5
 Electric potential

• Capacity of a charged body to do work

• Unit of Electric potential is ‘Volt’

• 1 Volt = Work done/ Charge

= 1 Joule/ 1 Coulomb

EE105.4 6
 Electric potential

• Electric potential at a point in the electric field is

the work done in bringing a unit positive
change from infinity to that point against electric
field.

EE105.4 7
 Electric potential

Electric
field
Point at which electric potential to
be determined
Unit +ve
charge
∞

Fig. 1

EE105.4 8
 Potential difference

• The difference in the electric potentials of two charged

bodies

• Unit of potential difference is ‘Volt’

EE105.4 9
 Potential difference

Example

A B

+7 V +3 V

Fig. 2

EE105.4 10
 Potential difference

• Body ‘A’ at a potential of +7 V

( Negative lower potential )
• Body ‘B’ at a potential of +3 V
( Negative higher potential )
• Potential difference between the two charged bodies A
and B is 7-3 = 4 V

EE105.4 11
 Potential difference

• If the two bodies are connected through a wire

• Electron flow takes place from a point of higher negative
potential to lower negative potential.

Electron flow

+7 V +3 V
wire

Fig. 3

EE105.4 12
 Potential difference

Example:

• Consider two reservoirs A and B containing water at

different levels shown in fig.4

• Connected through a pipe

EE105.4 13
 Potential Difference

A B A B

Fig. 4
Water Water
EE105.4 14
 Potential difference

Example:

• Water ( flow of electrons ) from higher potential to lower

potential

• Water flow continues until the two levels become equal

EE105.4 15
 Electro Motive Force (E M F)

• It is the force which drives or tends to drive the flow of

electrons in a circuit

• Unit of EMF is ‘Volt’

EE105.4 16
 Electro Motive Force

• Random motion of free electrons without applying any

force

Fig. 5

EE105.4 17
 Electro Motive Force

• The wire/conductor is connected to a battery

• EMF maintains potential difference, while

potential difference causes the electrons to flow

EE105.4 18
 EMF

Direction of electrons

conductor

Battery
Fig. 6
EE105.4 19
Fig. 7

EE105.4 20
 Voltage

• It is an adjective form of emf

• It is synonymous with emf and potential difference

• Hence the unit of voltage is also ‘Volt’

EE105.4 21
 Current

• Flow of electrons
• Charge per second
• It is denoted by ‘I’
• Unit is ‘Ampere’

EE105.4 22
Fig. 9

EE105.4 23
 Current
Charge, Q
Current, I =
Time, t
Q Coulomb
I=
t Second

Ampere
1 Coulomb
1Ampere =
1 Second

EE105.4 24
 Ampere

• One ampere of current is said to flow through a wire if at

any section one coulomb of charge flow in one second.

Example:
If 10 ampere current is flowing through a wire, it means
that 10 coulomb of charge flowing per second.

EE105.4 25
 Current

Flow of electrons

direction of Conventional Current

( from positive to negative )
Fig. 10

EE105.4 26
 Concept of current direction

Conventional Current
• The assumed and traditionally followed
direction of current is from positive to negative.
( + - )

Electron Current
• The direction of actual flow of electrons is from
negative to positive.
( - + )

EE105.4 27
 Summary
In this lesson you learned about

• Charge
• Electric potential
• Potential difference
• Electro Motive Force
• Voltage
• Current

EE105.4 28
Quiz

EE105.4 29
1. What is the unit of charge.

a) Volt
b) Coulomb
c) Ampere
d) Ohm

EE105.4 30
2. The current is measured in

a) Volt
b) Coulomb
c) Ampere
d) Ohm

EE105.4 31
3. What is the unit of EMF.

a) Coulomb
b) Volt
c) Ampere
d) Ohm

EE105.4 32
 Frequently asked questions

1. Define Electric potential.

2. Explain Electric current.

3. Define Potential difference and state it’s unit.

EE105.4 33
THANK YOU

EE105.4 34