LESSON 5

OTHER DISCRETE
PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION
SUBMITTED TO:
MRS. EMELYN CUDAPAS
SUBMITTED BY:
CINDY DAMASO
JOHNREY ABANO
DIANNE BARUT
KATHERINE RAMOS
WHAT IS DISCRETE DISTRIBUTION?
• A discrete distribution is a statistical distribution that
shows the probabilities of outcomes with finite values.
Statistical distributions can be either discrete or
continuous. A continuous distribution is built from
outcomes that potentially have infinite measurable
values.
• Distribution is a statistical concept used in data research. Statisticians seeking to
identify the outcomes and probabilities of a particular study will chart measurable
data points from a data set, resulting in a probability distribution diagram. There
are many types of probability distribution diagram shapes that can result from a
distribution study. Some of the most common probability distributions include:
normal, uniform, binomial, geometric, Poisson, exponential, chi-squared, gamma,
and beta.
•  Distributions must be either discrete or continuous.
• Statisticians can identify the development of either a discrete or continuous
distribution by the nature of the outcomes to be measured. Discrete distributions
have a finite number of outcomes. For example, when studying the probability
distribution of a die with six numbered sides there can only be six possible
outcomes, so the finite value is six. Another example can include flipping a coin.
Flipping a coin can only result in two outcomes so the finite value is two.
DISCRETE PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION COMMONLY USE IN
STATISTIC;
• Binomial distribution
• Geometric Distribution
• Hypergeometric distribution.
• Multinomial Distribution
• Negative binomial distribution.
• Poisson distribution
 Uniform Distribution

• Suppose the random variable X can assume k different

values. Suppose also that the P(X = xk) is constant. Then,
• P(X = x ) = 1/k
k
• Example 1
• Suppose a die is tossed. What is the probability that the die will land on 5?
• Solution: When a die is tossed, there are 6 possible outcomes represented by: S = { 1, 2, 3, 4,
5, 6 }. Each possible outcome is a random variable (X), and each outcome is equally likely to
occur. Thus, we have a uniform distribution. Therefore, the P(X = 5) = 1/6.
• Example 2
• Suppose we repeat the dice tossing experiment described in Example 1. This time, we ask
what is the probability that the die will land on a number that is smaller than 5?
• Solution: When a die is tossed, there are 6 possible outcomes represented by: S = { 1, 2, 3, 4,
5, 6 }. Each possible outcome is equally likely to occur. Thus, we have a uniform distribution.
• This problem involves a cumulative probability. The probability that the die will land on a
number smaller than 5 is equal to:
• P( X < 5 ) = P(X = 1) + P(X = 2) + P(X = 3) + P(X = 4)
• P( X < 5 ) = 1/6 + 1/6 + 1/6 + 1/6 = 2/3
 Example 3

Let the random variable X represents the number of boys in a family. 

a) Construct the probability distribution for a family of two children. 
b) Find the mean and standard deviation of X.
Solution to Example 3
•
a) We first construct a tree diagram to represent all possible distributions of boys and girls in the family. 

•Assuming that all the above possibilities are equally likely, the probabilities are: 
P(X=2) = P(BB) = 1 / 4 
P(X=1) = P(BG) + P(GB) = 1 / 4 + 1 / 4 = 1 / 2 
P(X=0) = P(GG) = 1 / 4 
•Note that 

∑ P(X) = 1

•b) The mean µ of the random variable X is defined by 

µ = ∑ X P(X)

= 0 * (1/4) + 1 * (1/2) + 2 * (1/4) = 1 

•The standard deviation σ of the random variable X is defined by

 

σ = Square Root [ ∑ (X- µ) 2 P(X) ]

= Square Root [ (0 - 1) 2 * (1/4) + (1 - 1) 2 * (1/2) + (2 - 1) 2 * (1/4) ] 

= 1 / square root (2)
Example 4

Three coins are tossed. Let X be the number of heads obtained. Construct a probability distribution for X and find its mean and standard
deviation.
Solution to Example 4

•The tree diagram representing all possible outcomes when three coins are tossed is shown below. 

       
• Assuming that all three coins are indentical and all possible outcomes are equally likely,
the probabilities are: 

• P(X=0) = P(TTT) = 1 / 8 

• P(X=1) = P(HTT) + P(THT) + P(TTH) 

• = 1 / 8 + 1 / 8 + 1 / 8 

• = 3 / 8 
P(X=2) = P(HHT) + P(HTH) + P(THH) 
= 1 / 8 + 1 / 8 + 1 / 8 
= 3 / 8 
P(X=3) = P(HHH) = 1 / 8 
•Note that 

∑ P(X) = 1

•We now compute the mean µ of the random variable X as follows 

µ = ∑ X P(X)

= 0 * (1/8) + 1 * (3/8) + 2 * (3/8) + 3 * (1/8) = 1.5 

•We now compute the standard deviation σ of the random variable X as follows 

σ = Square Root [ ∑ (X- µ) 2 P(X) ]

= Square Root [ (0 - 1.5) 2 * (1/8) + (1 - 1.5) 2 * (3/8) + (2 - 1.5) 2 * (3/8) + (3 - 1.5) 2 * (1/8) ] 
= 0.87 (rounded to 2 decimal places)
Example 5

Q: You answer a multiple choice quiz at random, which has 4 questions, each with 5 options. What is the probability that you get exactly 3 questions correct.
A: For each question, there is only two options: correct or wrong, (success or failure). There is a fixed number of trials  n=4, the number of questions.
For each question, the probability of success is p=1/5=0.2, and the probability of failure is q=4/5.
In the problem, we are asked what is the probability of getting exactly 3 answers correct, so k=3.
Reading from the table in the link above, we find that for n=4, k=3, and p=0.2,
(14)
P(X=k)=0.0256
We could have found this answer from the definition:
(15)
P(X=k)=(43)(0.2)3(0.8)1=4∗0.008∗0.8=4∗0.0064=0.0256
ECXERCISES
1. Write out the possible permutation of the letters A, B, C and D?
2. Find the number of permutation of the four letters A, B, C, and D taken three at
a time?
3. Find the number of permutations of the four letters A, B, C and D taken two at a
time?
4. How many car registrations are there beginning with NP05 followed by three
letters? Note that, conventionally, I, O and Q may not be chosen?
5. A box contains 50 resistors of which 20 are deemed to be ‘very high quality’ , 20
‘high quality’ and 10 ‘standard’. In how many ways can a batch of 5 resistors be
chosen if it is to contain 2 ‘very high quality’, 2 ‘high quality’ and 1 ‘standard’
resistor?
SOLUTION;
1. The possible permutations are
ABCD ABDC ADBC ADCB ACBD ACDB BADC BACD BCDA BCAD BDAC BDCA
CABD CADB CDBA CDAB CBAD CBDA DABC DACB DCAB DCBA DBAC DBCA
There are 4! = 24 permutations of the four letters A, B, C and D.

2. We may choose the first letter in 4 ways, either A, B, C or D. Suppose, for the
purposes of illustration we choose A. We may choose the second letter in 3 ways,
either B, C or D. Suppose, for the purposes of illustration we choose B. We may
choose the third letter in 2 ways, either C or D. Suppose, for the purposes of
illustration we choose C.
The total number of choices made is 4 × 3 × 2 = 24.
3. We may choose the first letter in 4 ways and the second letter in 3 ways giving us
4 × 3 = 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 1 × 2 = 4! 2! = 12 permutations

4. We have to choose 3 letters from 23 allowing repetition. Hence the number of

registrations beginning with NP05 must be 233 = 12167.

5. The order in which the resistors are chosen does not matter so that the number of
ways in which the batch of 5 can be chosen is:
20C2 × 20 C2 × 10 C1 = 20! 18! × 2! × 20! 18! × 2! × 10! 9! × 1! = 20 × 19 1 × 2 × 20 × 19 1
× 2 × 10 1 = 361000
THE END!!!