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Route of administration:
• Oral
• Topical
• Rectal
• Parenteral
• Vaginal
• Inhaled
• Opthalmic
• Otic
ORAL DOSAGE FORMS:

Tablet:
Tablets are solid dosage doage forms
usually prepared with the aid of
suitable pharmaceutical excipients.
Example: Paracetamol 500mg.
BUCCAL AND SUBLINGUAL
TABLET
Buccal & sublingual tablets are flat oval
tablets intended to be dissolved in the
buccal pouch (buccal tablets) or beneath the
tounge (sublingual tablets) for absorption
through the oral mucosa.
Ex: Nitro-glycerin (0.5mg).
EFFERVESCENT TABLET

Effervescent tablets are prepared by

compressing granular effervescent salts
that release gas when in contact with
water.
Ex: Aspirin 300mg.
CHEWABLE TABLET
Chewable tablets, which have a smooth
rapid disintegration when chewed or
allow to dissolve in the mouth, have a
creamy base, usually of specially
flavored and colored mannitol.
Ex: Vitamin C.
CAPSULE
Capsules are solid dosage forms in
which medical agents and/or inert
substances are enclosed in a small shell
of gelatin. Ex:
Hard Gelatin: Tetracycline Hydrochloride
500mg.
Soft Gelatin: Vitamin E 200mg.
LOZENGE
A disc shaped solid
preparations intended to be
slowly dissolved in the oral
cavity for local action.
PASTILLES
They are solid medicated
preparations designed to dissolve
slowly in the mouth.
DENTAL CONES
A tablet form intended to be placed in the
empty socket following a tooth extraction,
for preventing the local multiplication of
pathogenic bacteria associated with tooth
extractions. The cones may contain an
antibiotic or antiseptic.
LIQUID PREPARATIONS
Oral solution:
Oral solutions are clear Liquid
preparations for oral use containing
one or more active ingredients
dissolved in a suitable vehicle.
ORAL EMULSION
An emulsion is a dispersion in which
the dispersed phase is composed of
small globules of a liquid distribute
throughout a vehicle in which it is
immiscible.
ORAL SUSPENSION
It can be defined as preparations
containing finely divided drug particles
distributed somewhat uniformly
throughout a vehicle in which the drug
exhibits a minimum degree of
solubility.
Ex: Albendazole.
SYRUP
Syrups are concentrated aqueous
preparation of a sugar or sugar
substitute with or without flavoring
agents and medicinal substances.
Ex: Ambroxol 15mg/5ml.
ELIXIR
Elixirs are clear, sweetened
hydroalcholic solutions intended for
oral use and are usually flavored to
enhance their palatability.
Ex: Phenobarbital 4.0gm.
ORAL DROPS
Oral drops are Liquid preparations for
oral use that are intended to be
administered in small volumes with the
aid of a suitable measuring device.
They may be solutions, suspensions or
emulsions.
GARGLES
They are aqueous solutions used in
the prevention or treatment of
throat infections.
MOUTHWASHES
These are similar to gargles but are
used for oral hygiene and to treat
infections of the mouth.
TOPICAL DOSAGE FORMS
Ointment:
Ointments are semi-solid preparations
intended for external application to the
skin or mucous membrane.
Ex: Zinc Oxide 40gm/100mg.
CREAM
Pharmaceutical creams are semi-solid
preparations containing one or more
medicinal agents dissolved or dispersed in
either W/O emulsion or an O/W emulsion
or in another type of water washable base.
Ex: Econazole Nitrate 1gm/100gm.
GEL
Gels are semi-solid systems consisting
of dispensing of small or large
molecules in an aqueous liquid vehicle
rendered jelly like by the addition of a
gelling agent.
Ex: Diclofenac Sodium 1gm/100gm.
RECTAL DOSAGE FORMS
Suppository:
Suppositories are solid dosage forms
intended for insertion into body
orifices where they melt, soften or
dissolve and exert local or systemic
effects.
Ex: Naproxen 500mg.
ENEMA
A liquid preparation meant for
administration into rectum.
Ex: Diabasic Sodium Phosphate +
Monobasic Sodium Phosphate
VAGINAL DOSAGE FORMS
Pessary:
Pessaries are solid medicated
preparations designed for insertion into
the vagina where they melt or dissolve.
PARENTERAL DOSAGE FORMS
Intravenous injection:
It is a liquid administered directly into
the bloodstream via a vein.
Ex: Ceftriaxone IV.
INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTION
It is the injection of a substance
directly into a muscle.
Ex: Ceftriaxone IM.
SUBCUTANEOUS INJECTION
Subcutaneous injections are given
by injecting a fluid into the
subcutis,the layer of skin directly
below the dermis and epidermis.
Ex: Vibrenta.
INFUSION

Typically, “infusion therapy” means that a

drug is administered intravenously, but
the term also may refer to situations where
drugs are provided through other non-oral
routes, such as intramuscular injections and
epidural routes.
Ex: Koloride.
INHALED DOSAGE FORMS
Inhaler:
Inhalations are drugs or solutions of drugs
administered by the nasal or oral respiratory
route. The drugs may be administered for
local action on the bronchial tree or for
systemic effects through absorption from
the lungs.
Ex: Brodil Inhaler.
NEBULIZER
A nebulizer is a device used to
administer medication to people in
forms of a liquid mist to the airways.
Ex: Windel Plus Neubilser
Solution.
OPTHALMIC DOSAGE FORM
Eye drops:
Eye drops are saline-containing drops
used as a vehicle to administer
medication in the eye.
Ex: Floxabid.
OTIC DOSAGE FORM
Ear drop:
Ear drops are solutions, suspensions or
emulsions of drugs that are instilled
into the ear with a dropper.
Ex: Neofloxin-D
NASAL DOSAGE FORMS
Nasal Drop:
Drugs in solution may be instilled into
the nose from a dropper or from a
plastic squeeze bottle.
Ex: Afrin.
NASAL SPRAY

Nasal sprays, or nasal drops, are

used as local treatments for
conditions such as nasal
congestion and allergic rhinitis.
Ex: Decomit.
References:
ANSEL’S Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms &
Drug Deliver Systems. 9th edition, Fourth
Indian Reprint-2015. Chapter- 7(204, 214),
8(225,227,228),10(272,278),12(312),13(345,
353),14(377,394,414),15(431),17(547,549,552
).
A Text Book of Hospital & Clinical Pharmacy
By Pratibha Nand & Dr. R. K. Khar, Reprint
edition 2005-2006.Chapter-3(252-255).
Thank You.