HUMAN GROWTH

AND DEVELOPMENT
 GROWTH

• Growth is the
process of
change where
organisms
phases from
one stage to
another
 DEVELOPMENT

• Development is a
series of related
and continuous
changes in a system
within a
considerable
timespan
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

Life begins with a

single egg cell
 PRE-NATAL STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT
GERMINAL EMBRYONIC FETAL
 HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
IDENTICAL TWINS VS FRATERNAL TWINS
POST-NATAL STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT

• Shows significant
increase in the
response towards
stimulus
• Different reflexes are
developed
POST-NATAL STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT

• Moro reflex (fight or flight instinct)

• Sucking reflex (sucks when area around
mouth is touched)
• Startle reflex (pulling arms and legs in after
hearing loud noise)
• Step reflex (stepping motions when sole of
foot touches hard surface)
POST-NATAL STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT
• Blinking reflex (blinking the eyes when they are
touched or when a sudden bright light appears)
• Cough reflex (coughing when the airway is stimulated)
• Gag reflex (gagging when the throat or back of the
mouth is stimulated)
• Sneeze reflex (sneezing when the nasal passages are
irritated)
• Yawn reflex (yawning when the body needs more
oxygen)
 MATURITY AND DEVELOPMENT
Jean Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development
MATURITY AND DEVELOPMENT
Sigmund Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of Development
 MATURITY AND DEVELOPMENT
Sigmund Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of Development

• ORAL STAGE
• This marks the infant’s need for
gratification from the mother
• Eating is the major source of satisfaction
• Frustration or over-indulgence may lead to
eating disorders or alcoholism in adulthood
 MATURITY AND DEVELOPMENT
Sigmund Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of Development

• ANAL STAGE
• Toilet training at this stage is said to be the
main contributing factor in personality
development
• PHALLIC STAGE
• The greatest pleasure is from the phallus or
the sex organ
 MATURITY AND DEVELOPMENT
Sigmund Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of Development

• LATENCY PERIOD
• Erotic impulses are inactive due to the
interpersonal activeness of the individual
• GENITAL STAGE
• Reactivation of sexual impulses and
individuals act accordingly in the changes
brought about by hormones during puberty
and adolescence
MATURITY AND DEVELOPMENT
Erik Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages of Development
 MATURITY AND DEVELOPMENT
Erik Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages of Development

• TRUST VS MISTRUST
• Can I trust the world?
• Virtue of HOPE
• AUTONOMY VS SHAME
• Is it okay to be me?
• Virtue of WILL
 MATURITY AND DEVELOPMENT
Erik Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages of Development

• INITIATIVE VS GUILT
• Is it okay for me to move, do or act?
• Virtue of PURPOSE
• INDUSTRIOUSNESS VS INFERIORITY
• Can I do it in the world of people and
things?
• Virtue of COMPETENCE
 MATURITY AND DEVELOPMENT
Erik Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages of Development

• EGO IDENTITY VS ROLE CONFUSION

• Who am I and what can I be?
• Virtue of FIDELITY
• INTIMACY VS ISOLATION
• Can I love?
• Virtue of LOVE
 MATURITY AND DEVELOPMENT
Erik Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages of Development

• GENERATIVITY VS STAGNATION
• Can I make my life count?
• Virtue of CARE
• EGO INTEGRITY VS DESPAIR
• Is it okay to have been me?
• Virtue of WISDOM