Synchronous Counters

The term synchronous refers to events that have a fixed time

relationship with each other. A
synchronous counter is one in which all flip-flops are clocked
at the same time by a common
.clock pulse

A two-bit synchronous binary counter

Figure shows a 2-bit synchronous binary counter. Notice that

the J1, K1 inputs of the second
flip-flop FF1 are taken from the Q output of the first flip-flop
FF0. The timing diagram is shown
.in figure 7b
Three-bit synchronous binary counter
Q//Design of synchronous counters
Transition table of a J-K flip-flop
Example: Draw the implementation of
decoding of binary state 2, and binary
state 6 of a 3- bit synchronous binary
counter. Show the entire timing
diagram and the output waveforms of
the decoding gates.
Cascaded Counters
Counters can be connected in cascade to achieve higher-modulus operation. The
output of the last stage of the counter is used as an input to the next counter.
Counter applications
Digital counters are used in many useful applications such as digital clock, automatic
parking control system, parallel to serial data converters and many others. (Read in Floyd
for more details)

• Digital clock digital clock implementation

using decade count.
• Automobile Parking Control.
• Parallel to Serial data converter.
Auto park control
Shift Registers
• A shift register consists of a number of D-type flip
flops with two basic functions; data storage and
data movement
Types of shift registers •
:Basically, there are four types of shift registers •
Serial in/Serial out (SISO) -1 •
Parallel in/Serial out (PISO) -2 •
Serial in/Parallel out (SIPO) -3 •
Parallel in/ Parallel out (PIPO) -4 •