CONTENTS

 Abstract
 Introduction
 Proposed work
 Literature Survey
 Screen Shots
 References

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 ABSTRACT

 Business people always scale cloud resource usage.

 Cloud computing provides virtualization for resource multiplexing.
 This project develops a system- allocates resources dynamically.
 Supporting green computing, optimizing numbers of servers.
 “Skewness” measure unevenness in multi-dimensional resource utilization.
 Developing a heuristic to prevent overload on server.
 Trace driven simulations, experimental results show performance.

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 INTRODUCTION

 Cloud computing offers elasticity, on-demand appealing to businesses.

 Virtual resources has to multiplex into physical hardware.
 Resources underutilized due to overprovisioning for peak demands.
 Cloud model expected to automate scaling in load.
 Besides reduce cost, save electricity on operational expenses.
 Large data centers are to be balanced with Physical Machines.
 Cloud computing, Resource management, Virtualization, Green computing.

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 VMM Overview

 OS already virtualizes
 System calls, processes, virtual memory, file system, sockets, etc.
 Applications program to this interface

 A VMM virtualizes an entire physical machine

 VMM provides the illusion that software has full control over the hardware
 VMM “applications” run in virtual machines

 Implications
 You can boot an operating system in a virtual machine
 Run multiple instances of an OS on same physical machine
4  Run different OSs simultaneously on the same machine
 VMM Applications

 Resource utilization
 Machines want to multiplex their hardware
 Can migrate VMs from one machine to another without shutdown

 Software use and development

 Can run multiple OSs simultaneously (No need to dual boot )
 Can do system development at user-level

 Other applications
 Debugging, emulation, security, speculation, fault tolerance…
Contd…

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  Fidelity
 OSs and applications work the same without modification

 Isolation
 VMM protects resources and VMs from each other

 Performance
 VMM is another layer of software…and therefore overhead
 CPU-intensive apps: 2-10% overhead
 I/O-intensive apps: 25-60% overhead

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 Virtualizing Memory

 OSs assume they have full control over memory

 VMM partitions memory among VMs
 Three abstractions of memory
 Machine: actual hardware memory
 Physical: abstraction of hardware memory managed by OS
 Virtual: virtual address spaces

 In each VM, OS creates and manages page tables for its virtual address spaces
without modification

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 PROPOSED WORK

 Our algorithm goals are “overload avoidance” and “green computing”.

 Physical Machines satisfy the resource needs of all Virtual Machines.
 Physical Machines minimized while satisfying needs of Virtual Machines.
 This project presents automated resource management system.
 We achieve a good balance between our two goals.
 By minimizing ‘skewness’, overall utilization of servers improved.
 “Load prediction algorithm” capture future resource usages.

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cont.…
 ARCHITECTURE

 Xen hypervisor
 Usher Controller
 Virtual Machine Scheduler
 Predictor
 Hot spot solver
 Cold spot solver
 Migration list
Fig. 1. System Architecture
9 cont.…
 Predicting future resource needs:-

  Prediction based on past external behaviors of Virtual Machines.

 Calculate an exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA).

 E(t) is Estimated load; O(t) is Observed load; t is time.

 Measure load every minute, predict next minute load.
 Median is calculated as percentage of observed value.

10 cont.…
 Skewness Algorithm:-

 Hot and Cold spots measured based on threshold.

 Temperature of hot spot reflects degree of overload.
 To eliminate hotspots we sort them in descending order.
ṝ is average utilization
 Energy is saved by turning off unused servers. of resources for server p
 Green computing is used below the threshold.
 We check to migrate Virtual Machines for a Cold spot.
 We bound extra load due to server consolidation.
11 cont.…
 Flow Chart

 Migration process for

virtual machines

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 Survey on Cloud Computing

 Cloud
 Software as a Service
 Public, Private clouds
 Cloud economics
 Elasticity
 Comparing Costs

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 Cloud Security

 Multi-Tenancy
 Software as a Service
 Platform as a Service
 Infrastructure as a Service

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 Cloud Service Characteristics

 On-demand self service

 Broad network access
 Resource pooling
 Rapid elasticity
 Measured service

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 Usher Controller

 Usher An Extensible Framework for Managing Clusters of Virtual Machines

 The Usher core implements basic virtual cluster and machine management
mechanisms, such as creating, destroying, and migrating VMs. 

 Usher to interact with broader site infrastructure, such as authentication, storage,

and host address and naming services

 Pluggable modules enable system administrators to express site-specific policies

for the placement, scheduling, and use of VMs. 

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 VMM Taxonomy

 VMM types
 Bare-Metal hypervisor- type I
 Hosted hypervisor- type II
 Guest OS

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 Installation of VMM

 Enable virtualization option under security option in BIOS

 Enable Hyper-V feature on windows 8
 Install VMWare Workstation (Bare Metal or Hosted)
 Create Virtual Machines using the options
 Install any Operating System using ISO file or DVD writer
 Use move option for live migration in the options menu

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 Windows server 2012

 Download windows server 2012 from Microsoft website

 System should have at least 4 GB RAM for virtualization
 Install directly on a machine (better try first on a Virtual Machine)
 Then create servers using create server option
 Using Roles and Features enable hyper-v
 From tools access Hyper-V in windows server manager

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 Hyper-V Manager

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 VMWare Workstation

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 Windows Server 2012 as a Virtual Machine

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 REFERENCES

[1] Diwaker Gupta, “Scalable Virtual Machine Multiplexing” Dissertation,

Univ. of California, San Diego, dec. 2009

[2] Zhen Xiao, Weijia Song, and Qi Chen “Dynamic Resource Allocation
using Virtual Machines for Cloud Computing Environment” IEEE
transactions on parallel and distributed systems, Vol.24(6), pp.(1107-
1117), Peking University, June 2013.
[3] M. Armbrust et al., “Above the Clouds: A Berkeley View of Cloud
Computing,” Technical report, Univ. of California, Berkeley, Feb. 2009

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 Thank You

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