PMU, WAMS, And

WAPAC
 Contents

1 Simulation system overview

2 Simulation platform

3 Simulation Products & Solutions

 Outline

1. PMU Basics

2. Wide Area Monitoring

3. Wide Area Backup Protection

4. PMU based Wide Area Control

Essence of PMU

 PMU, Phasor Measurement Unit;

 SPM, Synchronized Phasor Measurement
 Phasor
 First proposed by Charles Proteus Steinmetz in 1893, on
simplified mathematical description for AC waveforms.
 Synchronized
 By GPS/COMPASS/GLONASS/GALILEO
 High-speed communication
 Via optical fiber network, such as SDH
 Phasor Definition
Instantaneous value Phasor
v(t)
Im f-f0
2V


0 t (sec)

Re
UTC-Universal Time Coordinated (1
1/f PPS time signal)

v 2V cos 2ft    V  Ve
 j

V  VR  jVI
Synchronized by GPS signal

GPS

PMU 1 phasor 1 phasor 2 PMU 2

A B
Synchronized Phasors for 2 Substations

PHASOR1

GPS reference PHASOR1

PHASOR2

PHASOR2
GPS reference
GPS reference
Simplified Relationship for Power Flow

P12

1 2

P12  U1U 2 (1   2 ) / X

 SIFANG PMU

 Input
 Analogue input module: 6U6I, 9I, 12U, 12I
 Master/Slave Set: up to 96 analog inputs
 Measurment and Communication conformed to latest
IEEE standards on Synchrophasor
 Reporting rate: Up to100/120 frames per second
 Generator rotor angle measurement
Sifang PMU Structure
 Outline

1. PMU Basics

2. Wide Area Monitoring System

3. Wide Area Backup Protection

4. PMU based Wide Area Control

 SIFANG WAMS solution –control center architecture

WEB server
Workstations Gateway
Data storage WEB服务器
Realtime database 图形终端和 网络安全隔离
历史数据库
实时数据服务 管理工作站 装置
+磁盘阵列

Front end processors

通信前置服务器 WAMS Interconnector
互联网关

GPS

C37.118
protoco Remote data center
l 远方WAMS主站
 Applications of WAMS

1. Low Frequency Oscillation Monitoring

2. Fast Fault Positioning
3. Transient Stability Monitoring
4. Voltage Stability Monitoring
5. Generator Operation Performance Assessment
6. Parameter Identifications
7. Wide Area Damp Control

Generator primary frequency regulation

07/06/2020 assessment Beijing Sifang Automation Co., Ltd. 13
The contour map visualization of a low frequency oscillation event
 Low frequency oscillation statistics and assessment

 The daily switch operations and load changes can excited oscil
lations with small amplitudes, which also contain the informa
tion of intrinsic oscillation modes
 Identify, record, and make statistics to these small oscillation t
o find the intrinsic oscillation modes of the power system and
their occurrence probability
 Online scan all the active power PMU measurement and make fast fre
quency spectrum analysis
 If an oscillation power has amplitude greater than 10MW and lasts at l
east for 5 periods, then one oscillation with such mode frequency is re
corded
 Fast fault positioning by contour map

 Visualizing node voltage variations by contour map, some fault information on lower v
oltage level without PMU can be obtained quickly
 Visualizing node frequency variations, generator or load trip can be find quickly
 Angle stability monitoring and warning

 Method 1: Monitor angle difference

 Monitor voltage angle differences of designated generator or buses,
 Compare the angle difference with the threshold result of system stabili
ty analysis, and obtain the angle margin
 When the angle margin is small, give warning to operators

 Method 2: Monitor the variation of angle difference

 Monitor the variations of angle difference of buses or generators
 When large variation is found, that means the stability margins have gr
eat changes, and operators should be warned to check the system’s sta
bility status
Bus voltage stability monitoring

Red
Red point
point is
is the
the measured
measured
operation points, while blue one
is the corresponding calculated
point on PV curve.

VSM index

The PV curve of the

load bus will be
Active power of load
redrawn when new
equivalent system
mode is obtained
every 0.2s.

Voltage of load bus

 Generator Primary Frequency Regulation Assessment

 Analyzing generator power and frequency curve measured by PMU to assess the perfo
rmance of primary frequency regulation
 The performance assessment for generator
AGC regulation

 PerformanceIndex ： regulation speed ； regulation accuracy ； response time

Performance index for each

AGC regulation records

AGC regulation records

for each generators

Generator output active

power curve in a AGC
regulation process
 Excitation system performance assessment

Excitation system performance index for different

generators in recorded voltage disturbance events

The active power, reactive power, voltage and current

dynamic curves of a generator in a voltage disturbance
 Transmission line parameter identification

Calculate the resistance, reactance, susceptance of a transmission line in each time

sampling points, and the distribution is shown in the following figure.

Narrow confidence interval

resistance means good precision

reactance

susceptance
The current flowing into
the paralleled actor at the
line terminals are
substracted.
 Transformer parameter identification

Calculate the reactance of windings, tap position of a transformer in each time

sampling points, and the distribution is shown in the following figure.

Reactance of high side

Ratio voltage

Reactance of low side

Initial tap position

Tap position

Position of controllable tap

 Generator parameter identification

 Optimization objective: minimize the difference of active and reactive power between the
simulation value and the measured value
 With an initial predictive value, genetic algorithm is used to optimize and correct
Select a generator and the The input dynamic curves are
disturbance event generator terminal voltage and
field voltage measured by PMU

d axis current

q axis current

The objective is to minimize the

difference between the
simulated terminal current and
the measured terminal current

identified generator
parameter - 27 -
 Outline

1. PMU Basics

2. Wide Area Monitoring System

3. Wide Area Protection And

Control
4. PMU based Wide Area Control
Typical WAPAC System Architecture
 Description of Duyun WAP Project

• 7 110kV substations in Duyun, China, Dec.2011

Guizhou Duyun South-area power grid wide-
area protection system geographical
Distruibution
220KVDuyun 500kVStation
station 110KV Danzhai
25km Station
25km 220kVStation
Power flow 1
110kVStation
26km

110KV Sandu Wide-area protection

Station master-station

500KV Dushan 220KVShipai

Station Wide-area protection
Station Sub-station
Cement 39km

plant

110KV
Zhouqin Station

110KV Xiangzhai 24km

Station
110KV Libo
15km Station
220KV Mawei 1km 43km
Station
1km
Power flow 2 110KV Maolan
110KV Xinzhai Station
Station Lilang New 6
line

110KV Langxiang To Guangxi

Hydropower Station Liuzhai Station
 Architecture of WAP

• Master Station / Sub Control Station structure

• Duplicated Master Station, located at 220kV Duyun sub
station
• Sub Control Stations at two 220kV and five 110kV subst
ations
 Protection for CB Failure
• Using regional current differential criterion
 Fault on Line L1, and CB failure occurred on QF1.
 WAP uses currents at CT5, CT2, CT3, CT4 to calculate the reg
ional current differential value.
B0 B1
B2

QF1 CT1 CT5 QF5

L1

QF2 CT2 CT6 QF6

L2

QF3 CT3

L3
B3
CT4 QF7
CT7

QF4
 Protection for CB Failure

 If regional differential current criterion is satisfied, then WAP con

siders QF1 as CB failure and sends remote trip to QF5, QF2, QF3,
QF4.
 For protection of CB failure, fault clearance time can be decrease
d from 1.0s~2.0s to 0.2s.
B0 B1
B2

QF1 CT1 CT5 QF5

L1

QF2 CT2 CT6 QF6

L2

QF3 CT3

L3
B3
CT4 QF7
CT7

QF4
Event recorded with WAP Action

• On Apr.17, 2012, three phase to ground short circuit f

ault occurred on L-Z line.
• Local protection relay failed to trip.
• WAP identified the fault correctly and tripped the CBs
in 88ms. 100000

0
0ZQb-01母110-UAV

-100000
-0.05 0 0.05 0.1 0.15

100000
0ZQb-01母110-UBV
0

-100000
-0.05 0 0.05 0.1 0.15

100000
0ZQb-01母110-UCV
0

-100000
-0.05 0 0.05 0.1 0.15
5000
0ZQb-0荔周线-IAV

-5000
-0.05 0 0.05 0.1 0.15
5000
0ZQb-0荔周线-IBV

-5000
-0.05 0 0.05 0.1 0.15
5000
0ZQb-0荔周线-ICV

-5000
-0.05 0 0.05 0.1 0.15
 Duyun System Features

• Current differential protection(87L), to detect fault when sync

hronization signal is OK ;
• Tele-protection (85-21), backup protection in the case of sync
hronization signal lost;
• Fault location, Accurate fault location distance based on synch
ronized voltages and currents phasor at terminal of transmissi
on line;
• Remote trip with local criterion verify for CB failures;
• Auto restoration for loss-electricity substation with wide area i
nformation.
 RTDS Test for Duyun WAPAC System
原始波形
3000
0SDb-0三周润-IA
2000 0SDb-0三周润-IB
0SDb-0三周润-IC
1000

-1000

-2000

350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750

时间 (毫秒)
原始波形
3000
0SDb-0丹三线-IA
2000 0SDb-0丹三线-IB
0SDb-0丹三线-IC
1000

-1000

-2000

350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750

时间 (毫秒)

For line ground fault and CB failure case, WAPAC detects the CB
failure, after 0.2s confirmation delay, trips neighbor CB. However,
with conventional Zone 2 relays, the delay for fault clearance is
usually 0.5 ～ 1.0s.
 Outline

1. PMU Basics

2. Wide Area Monitoring System

3. Wide Area Protection And

Control
4. PMU based Wide Area Control
 Wide Area HVDC Coordinated Damping Control

 Detect the inter-area power oscillation according to the

frequency difference signal
 Damp the oscillation by HVDC power modulation control

Control Unit

GZ
PMU data

YN GD

GX

Control signal

Control server
Wide Area HVDC Modulation Control Effect

HVDC Modulation
Switch Off

HVDC Modulation
Switch In
Simulation System Overview

1.Power Plant Simulation

2.Substation Simulation
3.Features
Power Plant Simulation
Power Plant Simulation
 Substation Simulation
System Structure
Sites Simulation
System
CSC2000

Soft
Platform
运行人员

Trainees
CSC2000 Monitoring

Protection Room

Outdoor Network
Multi-media Model

Outdoor Primary Devices Training and

Assessment
System

Substation
Model
Simulation Structor
Substation Simulation
 Substation Simulation
Substation Scope and Level

1. Grid;
2. Substation Primary Devices;
3. Substation Secondary Devices;
4. Substation used Power and DC System;
5. Integrated Monitoring and “Five Prevention” system;
6. Training Functions
 Features
Company size and management level
Large company
High-level management
High-level engineering service

R & D capabilities
Flexible openness, stability, maintainability of platform
DC boiler algorithm precision is high
Electric model algorithm precision is high
 General Simulation Support Platform
CyberSim General simulation support platform
1 、 Graphical modeling and simulation of integrated real-time simulation
platform ；
2 、 One machine with multimode, separate training;
3 、 Online updating and operate.
 Platform Functions
Engineer station functions:
 Graphic management;
 Model construction, maintenance and operation;
 Module management;
 Online modeling and offline modeling;
 Variable override;
 Dynamic parameters monitoring, trend monitoring, I / O data tracking (SOE)
 Model export, import, merge
 Algorithm library management

Instructor station functions ：

 Trainees management;
 Simulator management;
 Simulation control;
 Simulation monitoring.
 Platform
Features
Training mode diversification

 Support one machine with multimode;

 Support united training;

 Support group separate training;

 Instructor centralized control management;

 Remote training.
 Platform
Features
Simulation
Model
Server Furnace
Engineer

Electric
Interface Engineer
Engineer
Thermal
Control
Engineer
 Enet
 Enet Electricity network tools （ Grid Primary System
Modeling ） Graphical
definition
of power
equipment
Automatic
network
connection
Automatic
generation of
database

Graphical Automatic
input for calibration of
equipment dynamic data
parameters
 Enet
 Enet Electricity network tools （ Substation second system
modeling ）

Graphical modeling
environment

Hundreds of algorithms
in the library
 Graphical Configuration Tool
 CyberControl Graphical configuration tool
 Training Evaluation Assessment Tools

 CyberExam Training evaluation assessment tools

Test Management
• Exam management
• Training management

Training Training Training

monitoring resort history
Simulation Products & Solutions

1.Products
2.Solutions
3.Application Cases
 Products
 Configuration diagram of power plant simulation hardware
structure
Trainee Station Trainee Station

Server 3D Device Station Server 3D Device Station

Protection Room Monitoring Station Protection Room Monitoring Station
…

Network
Converter Printer
Server 3D Device Station
Protection Room Monitoring Station

Instructor station
 Products
Simulation control integration technology
Instructor Station Operator Station Engineer Station

……

Model Side Model Side Logic Side Logic Side

DEH1 DEH2 DEH3 SCS7 SCS8 SCS9 SCS10 FSSS Water Supply FSSS Water Supply
...
Controller Controller Controller Controller Controller Controller Controller
Controller Controller Controller Controller

Soft Communication Connection IO Solid Board Connection

 Solutions
Power Plant Control System Solutions

 VDPU Technologies
Manufactures VDPU Technologies
 Translation Technologies
 Solutions

Virtual DPU technology

 DPU HMI and control strategy translation mode

 VDPU mode is enable to make training system more real and complete functions
 Completely intellectual property of CyberLogic-VDPU products
 Update synchronization with DCS
Technology
Adopts translation and VDPU technology to interface with
any control system manufacturer
Technology
Circulating fluidized bed (CFB)

As for combustion system model, the combustion models of

three zones of dense zone, transition zone and dilute-phase zone
are established. The influences of entrainment, backmixing,
external bed and return valve on furnace combustion and heat
exchange are fully considered
 Technology
CFB Simulation
 Technology
Once-through boiler simulation

Boiler Startup system

 Application Cases
1. The simulation system of 2×1,000 MW ultra-supercritical units
in phase II project of Guohua Suizhong Power Generation Co.,
Ltd.
 Application Cases
2. Simulation one machine with four mode of 600 MW/350
MW/350 MW units/step-up substation of Jiangsu Ligang Power
Co., Ltd.
 350 MW unit simulation
in phase I
 350 MW unit simulation
in phase II
 600 MW supercritical
unit simulation in phase
III
 220 KV step-up
substation simulation
 500 KV step-up
substation simulation
 Application Cases
3. Simulation one machine with multimode of Zhuzhou Huayin
Thermal Power Plant Co.,Ltd., including:

 3 sets of 300 MW units

 1 set of 600 MW unit
 1 set of 1000 MW unit
 1 set of circulating fluidized bed
(CFB) unit
 Application Cases
4.China Zhuzhou Huayin
Thermal Power Plant Co., Ltd.
has been successfully held the
2009 Chief Operator Skills
Competition of China Datang
Corporation in November 26th
to December 1st

 The Sifang simulation

training base
 Application Cases
8. Guangdong Lingao Phase II nuclear power simulation

• In July 2006 in the Dayawan Nuclear Power generator simulation

tendering, Sifang won the bid together with France CORYS company.
 Thank you

BEIJING SIFANG AUTOMATION CO., LTD.

Add : No.9, Shangdi 4th Street, Haidian District, Beijing, P.R.C
P.C. : 100085
Tel : 86 10 62961515
Fax : 86 10 62981004
Email : info@sf-auto.com
Web : http://www.sifang-electric.com