Dual P-Q Theory based

energy Optimized Dynamic

Voltage Restorer for Power Quality
Improvement in Distribution System
By
Under the Guidance of
P. KALYANI KUMARI : 169B1A0210
P.Nagendra Kumar Sir G. ANAND : 179B5A0207
L. HAJEE VALI : 179B5A0215
S. J.SADIK HUSSAIN : 179B5A0223
D. DINESH : 179B5A0226
Abstract:
This paper deals with the protection of critical loads from voltage
related power quality issues using Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR).
A generalized control algorithm based on dual P-Q theory has been
proposed to generate the instantaneous reference voltages to
compensate the load voltages with direct power flow control.
The proposed algorithm adapts energy optimized series voltage
compensation, which results in a reduction of energy storage
requirement.
The proposed DVR control scheme can support the load from
voltage related power quality issues irrespective of the load
current profile.
INTRODUCTION:
Modern domestic and industrial equipment are quite sensitive to
voltage disturbances.
Even a one-hundredth of a second voltage sag can halt modern
equipment, which results in a complete restart of an industrial
process.
As a result, maintenance of power quality in the distribution
system becomes an inescapably important requirement.
Among the power quality problems, voltage related disturbance
causes serious disruption on sensitive load and voltage sag is the
most frequently occurring voltage related power quality problem.
What is Power Quality(PQ)….?
 Electrical power quality plays an important role in supplying electricity effectively
to consumers. As power becomes a more essential and valuable resource for the
entire world, it is important to maintain its quality at all levels of usage for the
reliable working of the equipment.

 Due to the usage of nonlinear loads and power electronic equipment in power
system transmission, distribution and utilization sectors leads to distortion in
voltage and current waveforms.

 IEEE standard defines electrical power quality as “the concept of powering and
grounding sensitive electronic equipment in a manner suitable for the equipment
with precise wiring system and other connected equipment”. It is the deviation of
voltage and currents from the ideal or actual waveforms.
Power Quality Issue :
 Voltage Sags :
 Voltage sag or dip is the decrease of voltage levels from nominal values at power
frequency.
 It lasts from about half of a cycle to several seconds.
 Low voltages are accurse due to several factors like electrical motors, arc furnaces,
utility problems, flickering, etc.
Power Quality Issue :
 Voltage Swell :
 Voltage swells occur due to the transfer of loads from one source to another, sudden
rejection and application loads.
 Flickering is a low-frequency problem that occurs mainly at starting or low voltage
conditions.
 Voltage sags and swells result in a malfunction of equipment, loss of efficiency of motors,
insulation failures, fluctuation of light illumination, tripping of relays and contractors, etc.
Power Quality Issue :
 Harmonics :
 The harmonic nature of voltage and currents is the deviation from the original or
pure sine waves.

Harmonic frequencies are integral multiples of the fundamental frequency and are
very common in electric power systems.

 The frequency of these harmonics depends on the order of harmonics as 2nd

harmonic frequency is 2 times the fundamental frequency.

These are generated due to nonlinear loads, arc furnaces, electric motors, UPS
systems, different battery types, welding equipment, etc.
Single Line Diagram of DVR :
Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) :

As per the IEEE 519 standard, different types of custom power devices
are used to improve the power quality in the consumer premises.

Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR), one of the aforesaid devices, is used to

protect the critical load (digital communication networks, advanced medical
instruments, financial transactions system, elevator etc.) from voltage
related power quality issues.

The DVR is connected in series with the grid terminal before the critical
loads and injects the required amount of compensating voltage to maintain
the load voltage within the specified value.
Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) :
A DVR generally consists of DC energy storage device, voltage source
inverter (VSI), passive filter components and injection transformer.

With the development of DVR, numerous voltage compensation strategies

have been presented in the literature .

Based on the operation, these strategies are broadly classified as pre-sag, in-
phase and energy optimized compensation.

As the name suggests, pre-sag compensation restores load voltage magnitude
as well as phase angle same as pre-sag load voltage.
Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) :
In order to restore the load voltage magnitude, series injected DVR voltage is
aligned with grid terminal voltage during in-phase compensation.

In case of energy optimized compensation, DVR restores load voltage

magnitude while optimizing the active power requirement.

On the other hand, dual of the widely accepted PQ theory for shunt current
compensation, has not been investigated closely for series voltage compensation
purpose.

In this paper, DVR control algorithm based on the Instantaneous Space
Phasor(ISP) and Dual P-Q theory has been presented to address some of these
aforesaid issues
Concept of Instantaneous Space Phasor :
Concept of instantaneous space phasor based on Clarke’s transformation, can
be used to monitor electric power flow, to observe the utilization of the
transmission line, and to quantify the level of harmonic pollution injected by
nonlinear loads etc.

The ISP approach has an advantage that all the instantaneous three-phase
quantities va, vb,vc or ia, ib, ic are combined into one single entity, V and I,
respectively.

When the system isunbalancedornon-sinusoidal, the magnitude and the angular

velocity of the ISPs will vary with time. The system effective line current (Ie) is
defined from current-dependent power loss
Block diagram:
Control Scheme:
Simulation Results:

Simulation results during voltage disturbance occurred.

Simulation Results:

Simulation results during voltage disturbance compensated.

Conclusion:
 A simple DVR control algorithm based on dual P-Q theory has been
developed to generate the instantaneous reference voltage of the DVR
to compensate load voltage.
 Depending upon the grid terminal voltage and load currents, the DVR
compensates the load voltages with the optimized active power flow
through DVR.
 This results in a reduction of DC energy storage requirement. This
strategy is generalized enough to compensate not only short-term
voltage disturbances but also support the load during long-term
voltage disturbances.
THANK YOU