Short pencil thin pencil

blue pencil soft pencil

Each of these pairs of words gives you a
different picture.
The word that changes each picture is the (first,
second) word of each pair.
Answer: First
 Thin pencil
In grammar we say that the word thin modifies the
noun pencil. In everyday language to modify means
“to change.”
To modify your plans means to _______________
your plans in some way.
Answer: change
 Blue pencil Thin pencil
when we say that the words blue and thin modify the
noun pencil, we mean that they _______ our picture
of the pencil.
Answer: change
 Path narrow path
Adding the word narrow to the noun path makes
your picture of the path (more, less) clear.
Answer: more
Adjectives
PREFINALS
Adjectives
> are words that describe, limit or modify nouns and
pronouns.
E.g. warm, quick, tall, blue, interesting

> it answer the questions “Which one?”, “What Kind?” and

“How many?”
Adjectives
E.g.
After looking at the balloons, the child chose a red one.

> The word red is an adjective because it modifies the

pronoun________.
Answer: one
Uses of Adjectives
1. A NOUN MODIFIER is usually placed directly before the noun it describes.
E.g. He is an intelligent man.
2. a PREDICATE ADJECTIVE follows a linking verb and modifies the subject.
E.g. He is happy.
The movie seems interesting.
3. ARTICLE or NOUN MARKERS are other names for these adjectives: a, an, the
Eg. Dorothy was given an apple.
The teacher is awarded for her meritorious performance.
The new born is a baby boy.
Kinds of Adjectives
1. INDEFINITE ADJECTIVE: some, many, much, several, few, a great deal, a little
A. with COUNT NOUNS e.g. I have (many, several, few) books at home.
B. with NONCOUNT NOUNS e.g. I have (much, a great deal, little) information on
history.
C. with BOTH PLURAL COUNT AND NONCOUNT NOUNS.
E.g. He has (some, a lot of, enough) money.
D. The indefinite adjectives much, many, little and few may be modified by too
and very.
E.g. You are making too much noise.
Kinds of Adjectives
2. NUMERALS: one, two, three etc. are cardinal numbers.
E.g. He gave me three roses.
Ordinal numbers: first, second, third etc.
E.g. We will discuss the third chapter.
3. DESCRIPTIVE ADJECTIVES: new, tall, blue, charming.
E.g. The charming woman is my aunt.
4. PROPER ADJECTIVE: Filipino Flag, English language, Persian carpet etc.
E.g. Persian carpets are on sale at the mall.
 Board Work: Underline the
adjective/s in the following sentences.
1. Old people usually enjoy young children.
2. The yellow tulips are a beautiful sight.
3. I enjoy Western movies.
4. We bought several tires.
5. We filled the jar with some water.
 Board Work: Underline the
adjective/s in the following sentences.
1. Old people usually enjoy young children.
2. The yellow tulips are a beautiful sight.
3. I enjoy Western movies.
4. We bought several tires.
5. We filled the jar with some water.
 Seatwork: Underline the adjective/s in
the following sentences.
1. Castles were cold, damp, and dark places.
2. The little kitten has long, sharp claws.
3. Most blond people have blue eyes.
4. Those handsome wallets cost five dollars.
5. several people left the hot, stuffy room.
6. I always read the morning paper.
7. Barry served lemon pie.
8. The tree was decorated with candy canes.
9. Those are probably the fanciest blankets in the store.
10. Everybody was home for the holidays. What could make for a merrier Christmas than that?
 Seatwork: Underline the adjective/s in
the following sentences.
1. Castles were cold, damp, and dark places.
2. The little kitten has long, sharp claws.
3. Most blond people have blue eyes.
4. Those handsome wallets cost five dollars.
5. Several people left the hot, stuffy room.
6. I always read the morning paper.
7. Barry served lemon pie.
8. The tree was decorated with candy canes.
9. Those are probably the fanciest blankets in the store.
10. Everybody was home for the holidays. What could make for a merrier Christmas than that?
Adverbs
PREFINALS
> an adverbs modifies a verb, an adjective, or another
adverb.
E.g. fast, slowly, friendly, well

> It answer the questions, “How?”, “Where?”, “When?”,

“How often?” and “To what degree?”
> It should not be used to modify nouns.
Kinds of Adverb
1. Adverb of Manner (how)
E.g. He spoke (poorly, fluently, slowly).
Exercise: Change the following adjectives to adverbs by adding ly.
1. slow 6. careful
2. merry 7. fast
3. graceful 8. weak
4. quick 9. easy
5. quiet 10. neat
Kinds of Adverb
2. Adverb of Time (when)
E.g. He is coming (tomorrow, next week, next month, tonight).
Exercise: Underline the time expression used in each of the following sentences.
1. The doctor will check him up very soon.
2. Are you going to Baguio this summer?
3. I could not sleep well lately.
4. The students complained about their grades last week.
5. They will spend their vacation in Baguio in April.
Kinds of Adverb
3. Adverb of Place (where)
E.g Let us meet in the restaurant.
The concert will be in the park.
4. Adverb of Frequency (how often)
E.g. He writes to him (daily, regularly, weekly)
5. Adverb of Degree (to what extent)
E.g. It’s too quiet in here.
6. Adverb of Purpose (what for)
E.g. I clean the litter box every day to keep the house from smelling.
Degrees of Comparison
Most adjectives and adverbs have varied forms to show degrees of
comparison –the positive, the comparative, and the superlative.

>The three different ways an adjective or an adverb changes its form:

With –er and –est
With more and most, or less and least, and
With totally different words.
Forms
1. Regular Forms
- the number of syllables that regular modifiers have determines how
to form their degree.
A. Modifiers of one and two syllables: use –ER or more comparative
degree and –EST or most to form superlative degree.
E.g. heavy heavier heaviest
brisk more brisk Most brisk
charming more charming most charming
Adverbs ending in –ly form their comparative and superlative
degrees with more and most regardless of the number syllables.
E.g. thinly more thinly most thinly
proudly more proudly most proudly
B. Modifiers of more than two syllables
- use more and most to form the comparative and superlative degrees.
E.g. beautiful more beautiful most beautiful
Beautifully more beautifully most beautifully
Irregular Forms
- the irregular comparative and superlative forms of certain adjectives and adverbs must be
memorized to avoid problem usage.

Irregular Forms of Modifiers

Positive Comparative Superlative
Bad Worse Worst
Badly Worse Worst
Far (distance) Farther Farthest
Far (extent) Further furthest
Conjunctions
- it connect words or group of words.
A. Coordinating Conjunctions
- connects words or phrases that have the same grammatical function in a sentence.
For Because
And Addition
Nor Conjoins two negative sentences, both of which are
true.
But Shows contrast
Or One of the other of two alternatives is true.
Yet But at the same time.
So Therefore.
B. Correlative Conjunctions
-pairs of conjunctions that are used together
◦ Both…and neither…nor either…or not only…but also

◦ Correlative conjunctions must be followed by the same grammatical structures.

Incorrect: either the meat (noun) was tough to begin with or overcooked. (adjective)
Correct: either the meat (noun) was tough to begin with or it (pronoun) was overcooked.
C. Subordinating Conjunctions
- Connect two complete ideas by making one of the ideas subordinate to or less important than the
other.
E.g. He ran steadily (main idea) as though wolves were after him. (subordinate idea)
Prepositions- it shows relationships in time and
space and relationship between ideas (logical
relationships).
Uses Examples
IN Months, years, seasons In December,
in 2009,
in autumn
Enclosure in a landmark In the box
Special expressions In the meantime,
in addition,
in contrast
ON Days of the week and dates On Wednesday,
on the fifth of July
Contact with a surface On the table,
On the floor.
Prepositions- it shows relationships in time and
space and relationship between ideas (logical
relationships).
Uses Examples
AT Time At six o’clock
Place as a point of orientation At the corner
FROM Separation from a point of Away from me.
orientation
OFF Separation from contact with a Fell off the stem
line or surface
OUT OF Separation from inside of a Fish out of water
landmark
BY Denotes the idea of “connection” Stand by me
or nearness
Prepositions- it shows relationships in time and
space and relationship between ideas (logical
relationships).
Uses Examples
WITH Association and/or Dinner with friends
accompaniment;
Equal standing/ability Rank with the best
Manner Spoke with ease
THROUGH Structures space as a tunnel or Through the woods
channel
Duration Through the years
Endurance Through thick or thin
ABOUT Spatial movement in any direction Walked about the room
Approximation About 10 miles
Concerning something About the book
Under, over, above, before,
between
Now prepare 15 objective questions with
answer for recitation.1/2 lengthwise.

FROM ADJECTIVES to PREPOSITIONS

BENG COMBI 9/11/2019
Pacay- 16/22=91 Reodica, Samuel= 18=94 Brion=8=77
Villanueva- 14/22=87 San Juan= 20=97 Ratac= 19=95
Salazar= 11/22= 82 Babaan= 20 Mercado, Jasmin=14=87
Docog= 10=80 Arante 6=75 Mercado, Grace= 15=89
Bunao= 11=82 Valderama 13=86 Herado=15=89
Fadul= 11=82 Pabilonia= 15=89 Mercado, Maria=5=73
Legisma= 11=82 Concepcion= 15=89
Damyong= 12=84 Aguilar= 15=89
Malle=17=92Oro= 17=92
De Leon= 19=95 Renegado= 14=87