JSA – Job Safety Analysis

Training Session

1
Aim of this JSA Training

The aim of this training is to enable you to

efficiently and effectively perform a JSA on
any task in the workplace.

2
Introduction

• This session is designed to help you:

– Understand your responsibilities for working
Safely
– Understand what a JSA is
– The use of Job Safety Analysis sheets
– Understand why we need to use them
– Location of completed JSA documents
• References:
– PNG Mining (Safety) Act, Chapter 195A
– PJV Loss Control & Environment Management
System and Standards
– Duty of Care
3
Objectives
• You will have a better understanding of:
– The company policy regarding safety
– The Legal requirements, regulations and codes of practice,
Country Law and Mining Act.
– Duty of care
– Your rights and responsibilities
– Basic steps of doing a JSA
• How to identify the steps of the job
• How to assess identified hazards
• Calculate the level of risk
• How to identify suitable controls and implement those
controls
– Location and filing of Department JSA’s

4
What is a Job Safety Analysis (JSA)?

A Job Safety Analysis is the

sequential step by step breakdown
of a job, the identification of hazards
associated with each step and the
controls used to minimize the risk to
employees, equipment and
environment

5
Why do a JSA? PORGERA
JOINT VENTURE

• To prevent accidents by using a structured approach

to day to day jobs/tasks
• To safely introduce new equipment, tools, chemicals
into the workplace
• For infrequent tasks where no SOP is in place
• Where a Procedure does not provide adequate
protection and/or there is no procedure
• Previous incidents have occurred or the operator has
raised a concern
• To satisfy the company’s commitment to Safety and
Legal compliance

6
Duty of Care - Employer PORGERA
JOINT VENTURE

• The employer (PJV) must ensure that, so far as is

reasonable & practicable, the employee is safe from
risk to health while at work
• In particular the Employer must provide:
• A safe working environment & safe system of
work
• Plant and substances in a safe condition
• Facilities for the welfare of employees at his
workplace
• Any information, instruction, training and
supervision necessary to ensure that each
employee is safe from risk to health
• It is an offence to breach the P.N.G. Mining Safety
Act 195A Section 5.
7
Duty of Care - Employee

• An employee (You) must comply with the

rules, procedures & instructions imposed by
the employer, except:
– if the employee deems a situation to be
unsafe, it is then his or her responsibility to
alert their supervisor of the concern.

• It is an offence to breach the P.N.G. Mining

Safety Act 195A Section 5.

8
Hazard Management

Hazards Identification

9
Hazard: What is a Hazard

• A hazard is a source of danger, which can

be defined as “a condition or situation that
exists in the work environment that could
result in physical harm, injury and/or
damage”.
Simple Version:
Anything or any condition which can cause
injury to personnel, harm or damage to
property or environment.

10
Identifying Hazards

To identify hazards we need to recognize

that hazards can be:
• obvious;
• hidden; or
• developing

11
Identifying Hazard
Three Questions enable hazard identification:
• Is there a source of harm
• Who or what could be harmed
• How could harm occur
Physical Mechanical
•Noise •Unguarded Machinery
•Heat •Over exertion
•Electricity

Radiation Chemical
•Gases
•X-Rays •Liquids
•Microwaves •Fumes
•Ultraviolet

Biological Psychological
•Bacterial •Shift Work
•Infections •Workload
•Harassment
•Discrimination
12
Identifying Hazard
There are various tools and strategies that can be used to identify hazards,

Pre Start Checklists

Planned General Inspections(274,281)
Material Safety Data Sheets(MSDS)
Safe Work Procedures
Manufactures Instructions
Employees Knowledge & Experience
We Care Inspections
JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS

13
How to do a Job Safety Analysis (JSA)?

There are five steps to a JSA.

1. Break the job up into logical, sequential steps

or operations.
2. Identify any potential incidents or hazards
for each step.

3. Calculate the risk

4. Identify a suitable control.

5. Calculate the residual risk

14
How To Fill out the JSA Sheet
• Complete the header information for each job.
• List the task steps in job order.
• Identify the hazards for each step.
Example: If the job requires the use of chemicals (cleaning agents etc) or you will be
working on equipment associated with chemicals (cyanide pump etc), a MSDS sheet must be
produced for that chemical, hazards identified from it and then transfer onto the JSA so
controls can be implemented.
• Review the Likelihood, Consequence and calculate Risk associated with
each step.
• Identify and implement controls to reduce risk to employee’s, equipment
& environment.
• Supervisors to review the JSA.
• The supervisor or independent / competent (with specialist skills) person
to review JSA before the work commences.
• Monitor and review the work against the JSA to ensure sequence and
controls are maintained.

15
The JSA Sheet - Steps 1 & 2
Job Safety Analysis (JSA)
PORGERA
J O INT VENTURE

Job Description: Department:

Analysis: Date: Section:
Supervisor's Signature Date: Equipment No:
Reviewed by: Date: Use Risk Calculator to estimate and calculate Likelihood,
Consequence and Risk

Spv to approve Spv to approve

No Task Steps Hazards Identified Recommended Controls Persons

Conse-quence

Conse-quence
Resp

Likli-hood

Likli-hood
Risk

Risk
Step 1 - Task
Step 2 - Hazards

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The JSA Sheet
Required as an SOP: Yes / No
JSA review comments:

Generic Hazard Categories:

Personal Protective Contact With Overstress/ Plant and Substance Housekeeping
Equipment Conditions
* Eyes & Face * Striking against *Postures/position/ * Right tool for Job * Is workplace orderly?
* Ears * Struck By straining * Used Correctly * Housekeeping
* Feet & Legs * Caught Between * Load Handling * In Safe Condition * Congestion
* Respiratory * Falling from height * Work Area Design * Defective equipment
* Trunk * Temp. Extremes * Tools & Grips * Safety devices
* Hands & Arms * Electrical Current * Vibrations * Incorrect storage
* Inadequate * Dust/chemicals * Temperature * Guarding
* Unavailable * Radiator * Lighting
* Not used * Fire/explosion * Ventilation
* Work demands
* Hazardous
environment

Forward identified hazards to Your Immediate Supervisor. Are there any changes required to this sheet to make it more effective?
If yes, specify YES [_] NO [_]
Created on: 1/8/2000
Last updated: 8/24/2003

17
Risk Management

Risk Identification

18
Risks
Risk is normally defined as a score or way to prioritize the
likelihood of the effect or consequences that hazards may
result in.
PJV uses a risk calculator that uses five levels of likelihood
and five levels of consequence.
These result in four risk scores:
•Low: Procedures to be in place
•Moderate: Hazard to be fixed in 7 days
•High: Hazard to be fixed in 3 days
•Extreme: Immediate action and fixed in 1 day
A risk is “too great” if it the risk is assessed as being in the
“Extreme” category.
The job must stop until the risk is removed or controlled.

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The JSA Sheet - Step 3
Job Safety Analysis (JSA)
PORGERA
JO INT VENTURE

Job Description: Department:

Analysis: Date: Section:
Supervisor's Signature Date: Equipment No:
Reviewed by: Date: Use Risk Calculator to estimate and calculate Likelihood,
Consequence and Risk

Spv to approve Spv to approve

No Task Steps Hazards Identified Recommended Controls Persons

Conse-quence

Conse-quence
Resp

Likli-hood

Likli-hood
Risk

Risk
Step 3 - Risk

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Identifying Risk
How Big is the Risk

In assessing the risk there are three factors that are important:

• Probability

• Consequence

• Degree of Exposure

21
Identifying Risk

Probability

What is the probability of the hazard leading to an incident and

potential injury to personnel or damage to equipment or environment..

22
Identifying Risk

Consequence

What are the consequences if the hazard is not controlled

and results in an injury / damage.

23
Identifying Risk

Degree of Exposure
• How long is the exposure
• How often is the employee exposed

Are you exposed to a hazardous situation?

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Risk Calculator
Use the round risk calculator to determine the level of risks
presented in this particular hazard identified and to determine
what the residual risk is after control have been put in place.

25
Risk Calculator
Consequence
Likelihood
1 Insignificant 2 Minor 3 Moderate 4 Major 5 Catastrophic
1
Rare L1 L2 M3 H4 H5
Unlikely 2 L2 L3 M4 H5 E6
Possible 3 L3 M4 H5 E6 E7
Likely 4 M4 H5 H6 E7 E8
Almost
H5 H6 E7 E8 E9
Certain 5

E: Extreme risk H: High risk, senior M: Moderate risk; L: Low risk, manage by
immediate action management attention management responsibility routine procedures
required needed must be defined

A Risk relates to exposure to the danger and is

defined as “the probability of any injury or
loss occurring from that hazard”.
26
The JSA Sheet - Step 4
Job Safety Analysis (JSA)
PORGERA
J O INT VENTURE

Job Description: Department:

Analysis: Date: Section:
Supervisor's Signature Date: Equipment No:
Reviewed by: Date: Use Risk Calculator to estimate and calculate Likelihood,
Consequence and Risk

Spv to approve Spv to approve

No Task Steps Hazards Identified Recommended Controls Persons

Conse-quence

Conse-quence
Resp

Likli-hood

Likli-hood
Risk

Risk
Step 4 - Controls Step 5 - Residual Risk

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 Hierarchy of Controls

• The Hierarchy of Control is a listing of control

measures ranked in order of effectiveness.

• Once the hazard is identified and the risk

assessed the hierarchy of controls can be
applied to determine the most appropriate
control

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Hierarchy of Controls

THE HEIRARCHY OF CONTROLS

Elimination
Substitution
Engineering
Administrative
Personal Protective
Equipment

29
 Hierarchy of Controls

THE HEIRARCHY OF CONTROLS

The idea is to use the control measures at

the top in preference to those further down.

Hazard control will often require a combination

of control measures.

The controls chosen will depend on the hazard

identified and the risk assessed for each work
situation.

30
Applying The Hierarchy of Controls

ELIMINATION

Discarding of any chemicals that are no longer

used in a process or past their used by dates.

Removing or correctly storing items that

had become obstacles in corridors or exits.

31
Applying The Hierarchy of Controls

SUBSTITUTION
Substituting a spray painting process with
a dipping process to reduce the emission
of vapors.
Replacing a petrol driven
forklift with an electrical
forklift (used in confined
spaces) to remove the
problem of carbon
monoxide build up.
32
Applying The Hierarchy of Controls

ENGINEERING - (isolation)
Enclosing the operator/machine in a “noise”
proof booth or control room.

Use of “No Entry” warning signs.

Remote storage of hazardous material.

33
Applying The Hierarchy of Controls

ENGINEERING - cont.

Installing a ventilation system to extract

fumes.
Machine guarding.
Installing vibration dampners
to a noisy machine.

34
Applying The Hierarchy of Controls

ADMINISTRATIVE

Work procedures outlining teamwork for

manual handling.

Maintaining housekeeping to an
acceptable standard.

Training employees about a

new piece of equipment.
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Applying The Hierarchy of Controls

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

Using hearing protection in a noisy environment.

Wearing goggles when pouring chemicals or

breathing apparatus in the event of a gas leak.

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 Responsibilities

Responsibilities
of the
Supervisor
and the
Tradesperson / Operator

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Supervisor’s Responsibilities
• The hazards and risk associated with each step of the task must be
assessed and addressed
• Ensure controls are put in place and the Tradesperson / Operator
understands and complies to them
• The supervisor must review & approve the completed JSA
• The supervisor must ensure the Tradesperson / Operator understands
what is required of him.

38
Tradesperson Responsibilities

• Understand the hazards and risks associated with each

step of the task
• Ensure controls are put in place and you understand and
comply to them.
• The Trades person / Operator understands what is
required of him.
• If for some reason you are unsure or unhappy about any
risk then
– Call on your immediate supervisor to look at the task.
– If the risk is too great then the job shall not be done
until a full risk assessment has been completed.
– All risks have been addressed to your satisfaction.

39
Group Activity 1

Your Task
In groups, identify and document a list of hazards in your work
environment.

Hint
Use situations you are familiar with. Think of near misses or incidents

Time
You have ten minutes of working time.

40
Group Activity 2

Your Task
In groups, using your list of identified hazards, rate
the risk of two hazards and document your
recommended controls. (use your Risk Calculator)

Hint
Refer back to information given to you earlier
today.

Time
You have 10 minute of working time.

41
MAIN PITFALLS WHEN DEVELOPING JSA’S

There are several traps people often fall into

when developing a JSA. Some of the main
ones include:
• Describing the job in to much detail;
• Describing the job step in too little detail;
• Failing to identify all the high risk hazards;
• Failing to identify actions that could cause a
serious accident;
• Not stating appropriate control measures e.g..
Practical, cost effective, etc;
• Cluttering the JSA with trivia.
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 JSA DATABASE

• Show and explain JSA database. (Briefly)

JSA D-Base 2.1.3.cmms.lnk

• View samples of existing JSA’s in CMMS Database.

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JSA ASSESSMENT

JSA REVIEW
ASSESSMENT SHEET

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Have a Safe Day

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