Microcontroller and Embedded

Programming
Prerequisite
 Outline
• Revision of microcomputer system
terminologies
• High level, Machine level and Assembly level
programming language
• difference between microprocessor and
microcontroller
 Microcomputer system
• The term microcomputer is used to describe a system
that includes a minimum of a microprocessor, program
memory, data memory, and input–output (I/O) module.
• Some microcomputer systems include additional
components as timers, counters, interrupt processing
modules, ADCs, serial communication modules, USB
modules, and so on.
• Thus, a microcomputer system can be anything from a
large system having hard disks, keyboard, monitor, floppy
disks and printers to a single chip embedded controller.
Microcomputer block diagram
 Different types of Microcomputers 

• Desktop Computer
• Laptop
• Smartphone
• Notebook
• Tablet
 Uses of Microcomputer
1.) Home
2.) Business
3.) Education
4.) Office 
5.) Restaurant
6.) Ticket Counter
7.) Hospital
 Characteristics of Microcomputer
• Have a limit input and output device.
• Small size and low cost.
• Have a low storage capacity.
• Limited range of software can be used.
• One user at a time.
• Easy to use.
• Low computing power.
• Commonly used for personal application.
 TOO Boring......

• This is pre requisite which is in syllabus. I am sure

you all know this 
Hardware elements of computer communicate with each other
 Take 100Rs from ATM
• x = 100
if balance x<100
print 'Insufficient balance'
else:
print 'Please take your money‘
• This is not exactly how real people communicate, but it is much easier
to follow than a series of 1s and 0s in binary code.
• There are a number of advantages to high-level languages. The first
advantage is that high-level languages are much closer to the logic of a
human language. A high-level language uses a set of rules that dictate
how words and symbols can be put together to form a program. To
learn a programming language, you need to learn commands, syntax
and logic, which correspond closely to vocabulary and grammar.
• The second advantage is that the code of most high-level languages is
portable and the same code can run on different hardware. Both
machine code and assembly languages are hardware specific and not
portable. This means that the machine code used to run a program on
one specific computer needs to be modified to run on another computer.
Portable code in a high-level language can run on multiple computer
systems without modification. However, modifications to code in high-
level languages may be necessary because of the operating system. For
example, programs written for Windows typically don't run on a Mac.
• A high-level language cannot be understood directly by a computer, and
it needs to be translated into machine code. There are two ways to do
this, and they are related to how the program is executed: a high-level
language can be compiled or interpreted.
• A compiler is a computer program that translates a program written in a
high-level language to the machine language of a computer. The high-level
program is referred to as 'the source code.' A typical computer program
processes some type of input data to produce output data. The compiler is
used to translate source code into machine code or compiled code. This
does not yet use any of the input data. When the compiled code is
executed, referred to as 'running the program,' the program processes the
input data to produce the desired output.
• When using a compiler, the entire source code needs to be compiled
before the program can be executed. The resulting machine code is
typically a compiled file, such as a file with an .exe extension. Once you
have a compiled file, you can run the program over and over again without
having to compile it again. If you have multiple inputs that require
processing, you run the compiled code as many times as needed.
Differentiate Microcontroller and
microprocessor
 Microprocessor

Microprocessor :
 Microprocessor is the heart of any
processing device. Its a basic building block
of modern processors and controllers.
 Its a register based multi-purpose
electronics device which takes input from
us, process that input data according to
the program written in external memory
and gives us useful results.
 Microprocessor

Microprocessor :
 This device is only consists of processing
unit, that is Memory and I/O devices are
need to be connected externally.
 As it requires external memory and I/O
devices so it requires large space and is
larger in size. It is of no use without
interfacing with external memory and I/O
ports.
 Microcontroller

Microcontroller :
 Microcontroller is also like a
Microprocessor except that a
Microcontroller made by
Integrating Memory and I/O ports
on a single chip.
 It doesn't requires external ROM,
I/O ports for its operation. As
memory such as ROM/RAM is
integrated on a single IC chip, thus
it is small in size.
 Microcontroller

Microcontroller :
 It is basically used for controlling various
machines. Programming of both
Microcontroller And Microprocessor is
almost similar.

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Slide 24
advantages of microcontroller application

Some of the benefits are based tools

microcontroller:
 High reliability and high degree of integration;
 Reduction in size;
 Reduced component count and manufacturing
cost owner;
 Shorter development time;
 Shorter time to market;
 Lower power consumptions.

Slide 25