Grade 7 Science

Unit 3:
Mixtures & Solutions:
Particle Theory of Matter
1. All matter is made up of tiny particles.
2. These particles are always moving…
they have energy.
3. There are spaces among particles.
4. There are attractive forces between the
particles.
5. The particles of one substance differ
from the particles of other substances.
 Classifying Matter

We can classify matter as:

 a pure substance or

 as a mixture.
 Mixtures
Mixtures contain two or more different
kinds of particles.
MAY appear the same throughout

MAY have distinct visible parts

+ =
Sugar and
Sugar Water water
Examples of Mixtures…
• salt water,
• Kool-Aid
• chocolate chip cookie
• muddy water
• salad dressing
• air
 Pure Substances...
 Pure substances are made up of only
one type of particle and therefore look
the same all throughout.
Examples of Pure Substances
• sugar (C12H22O11)
• gold (Au), copper (Cu)
• distilled water (H2O)
• carbon dioxide (CO2)
• oxygen (O2)
Mixtures:
 Mixtures may be:
 Homogeneous (also called
solutions)
Or
 Heterogeneous (also called
mechanical mixtures)
 Homogeneous Mixtures
 These mixtures appear to be the same
throughout and often have the same
properties:
-only one part visible (appears to be one
substance)
-usually transparent
-light passes through unaffected
- particles do not settle, they dissolve
 the particles
are evenly
mixed so that
none of the
original
substances
are visible
(dissolved)

Kool-aid
Homogeneous Mixture
can be:
 solid
Stainless steel

 liquid or Salt water

 gas Clean air

More Examples of Homogeneous
Mixtures
 Apple juice
 Kool aid
 Salt water
 Stainless steel
 Brass
 Clean air
 Heterogeneous Mixtures
 Have different visible parts, each with
their own properties
- two or more parts visible to the eye
- not transparent
- particles settle and they do not evenly
mix
-Light will scatter
Heterogeneous Mixtures
can include:
Granola bar
 solids

 liquids Oil and vinegar

or
Polluted air
 gases
 Examples of Heterogeneous
Mixtures
 Sand and water
 Granola bar
 Tossed salad
 Pizza
 Cement
 Polluted air
 Oil and vinegar
 Salad dressing
Homogeneous or Heterogeneous
3 techniques can be used to distinguish
between the two:
1)Use a microscope. A solution contains only
one type of particle
2)Use a filter. If anything gets caught in the filter
it is a mechanical mixture.
3)Tyndall effect. Mixtures scatter the light (you
can see it ) and solutions do not scatter light
(you cannot see it).
 Tyndall Effect
 The tyndall effect can be used to tell the difference between
a solution and a mixture.
 cannot be used to distinguish between a solution and a pure
liquid
 How?
If you shine a beam of light directly through a mixture and
you do not see the beam, it is probably a solution. The
particles are evenly mixed at the molecular level so they will
not block or scatter the light.

Left: Silver Right: Tap

colloid mixture water
In a Solution...
 Light passes unaffected
(if a student looks at the
beaker perpendicular to
the direction of the
beam they will NOT see
it
In a Mechanical Mixture...
 The light will
scatter as it
passes through
the mixture
because all
particles are not
dissolved (as
shown on the left)
Mechanical Mixture or Solution?
 Flow Chart

Matter

Pure Mixture

Heterogeneous Homogeneous
Mechanical Solution
mixture
Some mixtures may be both
homogeneous and heterogeneous
 Example: orange juice
The large pulp particles make it a
heterogeneous and the sugar molecules
dissolved in it make it homogeneous.
 Colloids
A colloid is a type of mixture that appears to be a solution but it is actually a mechanical
mixture
 Examples of colloids
Dispersed medium

Gas Liquid Solid

NONE Liquid Aeros Solid aerosol

Continuous (All gases are ol Examples:
smoke, air
Medium Gas mutually
miscible)
Examples: fog, particulates
mist
Foam Emulsion Sol
Examples: Examples: Examples:
Liquid whipped cream mayonnaise,
hand cream
milk, paint,
pigmented ink
Solid Foam Gel Solid Sol
Examples: Examples: Examples:
Solid aerogel,
styrofoam,
butter, gelatin,
jelly, cheese,
cranberry
glass, ruby
pumice opal glass
 Suspensions
 Suspensions are a heterogenous fluid containing
solid particles will settle over time if left undisturbed

Examples:
 Mud or muddy water, is where soil, clay, or silt

particles are suspended in water.

 Flour suspended in water

 Fog is water suspended in air.

 Paint

 Chalk powder suspended in water.

 Dust particles suspended in air.