PLASTICS

Submitted by – abhijit borkataki

01
b.Arch 7th sem
 introduction
 Plastic is material consisting of any of a wide range
of synthetic or semi-synthetic organic compounds that
are malleable and so can be molded into solid objects.
 Plasticity is the general property of all materials which can
deform irreversibly without breaking but, in the class of
moldable polymers, this occurs to such a degree that their
actual name derives from this specific ability.
 Plastics are typically organic polymers of high molecular
mass and often contain other substances. They are usually
synthetic, most commonly derived from petrochemicals,
however, an array of variants are made from renewable
materials such as polylactic acid from corn or cellulosics
from cotton linters
 TYPES OF PLASTICS -
POLYCARBONATE
 Polycarbonate is a thermoplastic
material which offers manufacturer
and designers many possibilities
while providing greater design
freedom, enhanced aesthetics and
cost reductions! The material is
known for maintaining coloring
and strength over time, even in
stressful conditions.
 Become an expert by learning some
basic information about
polycarbonates, what are its key
features and properties, how to
optimize its properties and
popular applications. Also find out
processing conditions for injection
molding, extrusion, 3D Printing
and safety of this versatile
polymer.
 PROPERTIES
 Toughness and High Impact Strength - Polycarbonate has
high strength that makes it resistant to impact and fracture
and hence provides safety and comfort in application
demanding high reliability & performance
 Transmittance - PC is an extremely clear plastic and can
transmit over 90% of light as good as glass. PC sheets are
available in a wide range of shades which can be customized
depending on the end-user application.
 Lightweight - The benefits allows provides OEMs virtually
unlimited possibilities for design compared with glass.
 Protection from UV Radiations- Polycarbonates can be
designed to block ultraviolet radiation and provide 100%
protection from the sun's harmful UV rays.
 USES
 Appliances:
Polycarbonates and its blends are used
in appliances such as refrigerators, air conditioners,
coffee machines, food mixers, washing machines,
hair dryers steam iron water tanks etc.
 Automotive/Transportation: Being lightweight and
transparent, PC is used to make eye-catching design
as well as enhance vehicle efficiency by reducing
weight without affecting durability & improve
aerodynamics of vehicle.
 Building & Construction: PC is known as a suitable
alternative to glass in a number of glazing
applications such as agricultural houses, industry or
public building, facades, security windows, shelters
and skylights due to the high impact strength,
transparency, resistance to UV light and
weatherability.
 Consumer Products: PC has very low birefringence,
internal stress and due to its high dimensional
accuracy, it is used to manufacture CDs/DVDs
 ACRYLICS
 Acrylic is a transparent plastic
material with outstanding
strength, stiffness, and optical
clarity.
 Acrylic sheet is easy to fabricate,
bonds well with adhesives and
solvents, and is easy to
thermoform.
 It has superior weatherin
properties compared to many
other transparent plastics.
 Acrylic sheet exhibits glass-like
qualities—clarity, brilliance, and
transparency—but at half the
weight and many times the impact
resistance of glass.
 PROPERTIES

 Strong, stiff,
optically clear
 Easy to fabricate,
machine,and thermo
form
 Easy to solvent bond
 Good dimensional
stability
 Good weathering
 USES
 Indoor and outdoor signs
 POP displays and
exhibits
 Architectural glazing,
skylights
 LED diffusing lighting
panels
 Transportation
applications
 Brochure holders
 Shelves and retail fixtures
 Transparent manifolds
 PVC POLYMER


Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC or Vinyl) is an

economical and versatile thermoplastic
polymer widely used in building and
construction industry to produce door and
window profiles, pipes (drinking and
wastewater), wire and cable insulation,
medical devices etc. It is the world’s third
largest thermoplastic material by volume
after polyethylene and polypropylene.
 Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC or Vinyl) is a high
strength thermoplastic material widely used
in pipes and medical devices but list is
endless. It is the world's third-most widely
produced synthetic plastic polymer.


Get technical information on Polyvinyl

Chloride, explore methods used to produce it
and main types of additives used! Also, learn
about key features, conditions to process this
polymer material and how to recycle it.
 PROPERTIES


Electrical Properties: PVC is a good insulation

material, thanks to its good dielectric strength 

 Durability: PVC is resistant to weathering,

chemical rotting, corrosion, shock and
abrasion. It is therefore the preferred choice for
many long-life and outdoor products

 Flame Retardancy: Because of its high chlorine

content, PVC products are self- extinguishing.
Its oxidation index is ≥45.
 Cost/Performance Ratio: PVC has good
physical as well as mechanical properties and
henc provides excellent cost-performance
advantages. It has long life span and need low
maintenance 

 Mechanical Properties: PVC is abrasion-

resistant, lightweight and tough 
 USES
 Construction- Window
Frames, Pipes, House
Siding, Ports, Roofing
 Domestic- Curtain Rails,
Drawer Sides, Laminates,
Audio and Videotape
Cases, Records
 Packaging- Bottles, Blister
Packs, Transparent Packs
and Punnets
 Transport - Car Seat Backs
 Medical -
 RUBBER
 Elastomer commonly known as
rubber is a linear polymer which
possesses elasticity and good
resistance to corrosive fluids.
 The properties of rubber depend
upon the type of fillers and
adhesives used.
 It is elastic; because of this
property a rubber band can be
stretched to 9 or 10 times its
original length and when the load
is removed it regains its original
length.
  It is strong and tough. Because of
this property it can be put to use
even under abnormal conditions.
 PROPERTIES
 It is highly impermeable to
both water and air and
therefore, it can be used to
retain water as in rubber
  It exhibits a great resistance
to abrasion, tearing and
cutting over a wide range of
temperature—7 to 115°C.
 It is a bad conductor of heat.
 It can contain liquids and
gases.
  The synthetic rubber offers
great resistance to acids,
petroleum products etc.
 USES
 1. Thermal insulation
 2. Lining of reservoir
 3. Rain water and flexible
tubing
 4. Belting of all types
 5. Tyres and tubes
 6. Adhesive
 7. Hose pipes, printing roller
etc.
 9. Mounting material
 9. As a buffer
 10. Gasketina material.
 ASBESTOS CEMENT PRODUCER
 Asbestos is a naturally occurring thin
crystalline long fiber which when
used for the preparation of concrete
improves the fresh and hardened
properties of concrete such as
compressive and flexural strength. In
the construction industry, it finds its
application in heat and acoustic
insulation, fireproofing, roofing and
flooring jobs.
 Most of the asbestos concrete
components are made up of using
asbestos cement due to the high risk
of consumption of
asbestos fibers through inhalation.
Generally, 10-15% of the cementitious
material is replaced with asbestos in
the production process of cement.
 PROPERTIES
 Asbestos was first discovered by the
Greeks and Romans in the 18th
century where they referred to it as a
Miracle Mineral.
 Asbestos is obtained by extraction of
asbestos-containing rock which is
crushed and milled to produce a
thread like fibrous material known as
asbestos. The asbestos thus obtained
contains thousand of fibers which can
be further divided into microscopic
fibrils.
 Chrysotile, the only mineral in the
serpentine group, is the most
commonly used type of asbestos and
accounts for approximately 95% of the
asbestos that finds use in different
purposes. Chrysotile is commonly
known as “white asbestos”.
 USES
 Pipe and duct
insulation.
 Wall and ceiling
panels.
 Roofing materials.
 Artificial fireplaces
and materials.
 Concrete Floor Tiles.

 Asbestos concrete
pipes.
 THANK
YOU