Technical Seminar Presentation

IMPROVING POWER QUALITY

USING DISTRIBUTION DESIGN
Under guidance of
MR. DEBASIS JENA
Instructor

Presented By:

AMIT KUMAR ROLL NO. EE200118062

December 24, 2004 [1/12]
Technical Seminar Presentation

POWER QUALITY- Introduction

•power quality Is the physical characteristics of the electrical supply
provided under normal operating conditions that do not disrupt or disturb
the customer’s processes .

• quality of power supply implies basically voltage quality and supply

reliability.

• power quality issues is an increasingly important factor to consider in

order to satisfy good productivity .

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Technical Seminar Presentation

VOLTAGE REGULATION
VARIATION
• LONG-DURATION VARIATIONS: Rms deviations at power frequencies
for longer than one minute.

. Long-duration variations can be caused by: -

- Improper voltage regulation

- Broken neutral .
- Utility-initiated voltage reduction

- Sudden change of load or unusual load on a distribution circuit

AMIT KUMAR # EE200118062 [3/12]

Technical Seminar Presentation

POWER QUALITY IN POWER

DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS
•power quality problem exists if any voltage, current or frequency
deviation results in a failure or in a bad operation of customer’s
equipment

•Natural phenomena, such as lightning are the most frequent cause of

power quality problems.

.
• Switching phenomena resulting in oscillatory transients in the electrical
supply

•Short-term voltage drops (sags) can trip electrical drives or more

sensitive equipment, leading to costly interruptions of production

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Technical Seminar Presentation

SOLUTIONS TO POWER
QUALITY PROBLEMS
There are two approaches
• LOAD CONDITIONING - ensures that the equipment is less sensitive to
power disturbances, allowing the operation even under significant
voltage distortion

• INSTALL LINE CONDITIONING SYSTEMS -suppress or counteracts the

power system disturbances
.
A flexible and versatile solution to voltage quality problems is also offered
by active power filters

AMIT KUMAR # EE200118062 [5/12]

Technical Seminar Presentation

ACTIVE POWER FILTERS

TWO TYPES:-

1.SERIES ACTIVE POWER FILTER- operates as a controllable voltage

source

2.SHUNT ACTIVE POWER FILTER-operate as a controllable current source

.
Both schemes are implemented preferable with voltage source PWM
inverters, with a dc bus having a reactive element such as a capacitor.

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Technical Seminar Presentation

SERIES ACTIVE POWER

FILTERS

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Technical Seminar Presentation

SHUNT ACTIVE POWER

FILTERS

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Technical Seminar Presentation

FACTS IS THE TERMINOLOGY

USED IN THE INDUSTRY
FACTS are designed to :

1.attaining an increase of power transmission capacity at optimum

conditions, i.e. at maximum availability, minimum transmission losses .
2. Improving or safeguarding of power quality in transmission and
distribution
FACTS offer remedy , by enabling confinement or neutralizing of
electrical disturbances such as:-
.
• voltage sags
• fluctuations
• harmonic distortion
• phase unbalance

AMIT KUMAR # EE200118062 [9/12]

Technical Seminar Presentation

FACT DEVICES

The Different FACT Devices are:

• SVC (Static Var Compensators)

• TCSC(Thyristor-Controlled Series Capacitors)
• STATCOM
• PST (Phase-shifting Transformers),
•
.
IPC (Interphase Power Controllers)
• UPFC (Universal Power Flow Controllers)
• DVR (Dynamic Voltage Restorers).

AMIT KUMAR # EE200118062 [10/12]

Technical Seminar Presentation

CURRENT-LIMITING FUSES
IMPROVE POWER QUALITY
Current-limiting fuses is used to provide high-speed protection of low
voltage and medium-voltage power systems.

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Technical Seminar Presentation

CONCLUSION

Current-limiting fuses provide protection against disruptive heating and

electromagnetic effects,but also make an important contribution to the
improvement of power quality.

FACTS solutions will be particularly justifiable in applications requiring

one or more of the following qualities:
-Rapid dynamic response
-Ability for frequent variations in output
.
-Smoothly adjustable output.

!! THANK YOU !!

AMIT KUMAR # EE200118062 [12/12]