AAR 504 – ARCHITECTURAL SCIENCE 1

MUHAMMAD SYAHMIZZAT BIN MURAD

2019309881

17 / 5 / 2020

BOOK REVIEW ON NATURAL

LIGHTING AND NATURAL
VENTILATION
 TABLE OF
CONTENT
- Introduction
- Theory on natural lighting
- Theory on natural ventilation
- Summary
- Conclusion
- Refrences

- Contoso Ltd.
○ To explain about the passive design which is
can reduce total energy demand for space
heating and cooling .
○ To find out how important natural climatic
design on environmental towards a buildings
or houses .
○ Homes is designed using passive strategies do
not have to look aesthethically different from
those that are dedigned without
consederation for the climatic factors .
○ Support from the natural resources can help INTRODUCTION
to reduce or even eliminate ultility bills ,
To explain the theory and understanding
improve the comfort and quality of the on the natural ventilation and natural
interior environment , reduce emission from lighting towards the house and building in
the electrical appliance and lastly make the especially in Malaysia climate .
alternative energy system able
Contoso Ltd.
3
Add a footer
The introduction of natural lighting
Lighting in architecture is so important especially the natural lighting to shown that the architect is balance in every
expect when they do design . Add thoughtfully designed light, however, and it reveals the beauty of the architecture’s
forms and rhythms.

Natural lighting Daylighting Balance Designing Surroundings

In architecture we call Daylighting is the practice
natural lighting as of placing windows,
daylighting . Its a technique skylights, other openings,
that efficiently brings and reflective surfaces so
natural light into your that sunlight (direct or
home using exterior indirect) can provide
glazing effective internal lighting.
ng is
The balance of lighting is to
achieve the comfortness
and to have the balance of
artificial and natural
lighting .
Designing a building is to Natural lighting helps
achieve and aim to people be more
maximize visual comfort or productive, happier,
to reduce energy use and healthier and calmer.
to achieve the aesthethic .
Contoso Ltd.
4
Add a footer
The theory of natural lighting
Based on the 2 books I found out that we spent most our time in
house ,which more than half of our life means that we need a great
natural lighting to make us healthier in mind, body and spirit. It helps us
heal, lifts physical and mental performance and productivity, and helps
us reach our potential

Artficial Planning Costs

Electric lighting nowadays
become more dominants
as it is simple to build but it
have cost and the
limitation of buildings
construction which is not
allowed natural lighting to
entered the building to
save the space of the
buildings .
To have a great natural
lighting we have to have
planning about the sources
, surroundings and some
more . Most people wants
to simplify everything to
make everythimh easy by
using artificial lighting .
Reduced energy costs
although daylighting won’t
completely eliminate the
need for electric lighting,
especially because many
buildings are occupied at
night, combining
daylighting with proper
design of the electric
lighting and control
systems can reduce
a building owner’s energy
costs by 35
Contoso percent.
Ltd.
5
Detail on theory of natural lighting
Daylighting might look simple but it gives a lot of benefits to the users

Looks Productivity

Boosts wellbeing
It give an in homes and
aesthethic looks schools where is
to the design and daylighting have
many type of demonstrated
retailers shown reduced absentee
the increases the rates, increased
sales towards the productivity,
installation of reduced fatigue,
natural lighting. and improved
occupant health.

Contoso Ltd.
6
Add a footer
Daylighting planning
Why it is important ?
Other benefits include
○ During schematic design architect and
interior designer, with input from the
lighting designer, will arrange the
building exterior, orientation, and
interior to take advantage of daylighting
opportunities.
○ Buildings daylighting is aligned the long
axis of the building (if there is one)
parallel with east/west. This presents
the maximum building face to direct,
daylong sunlight along the south face
(in the northern hemisphere), and
indirect, northern light along the north
face.
○ Some of of building cannot entered
natural lighting as it get block by the
wall so transparents or translucents Contoso Ltd.
material are used to replaced the wall 7
Add a footer
 Designing daylighting
Daylighting is the practice of placing windows, skylights, other
openings, and reflective surfaces so that sunlight (direct or indirect)
can provide effective internal lighting. Particular attention is given to
daylighting while designing a building when the aim is to maximize
visual comfort or to reduce energy use.

Contoso Ltd.
8
Add a footer

Solar Angles
North face
The north face of a building receives the
most consistent illumination (from the
northern sky). Direct sunlight, if any, will
strike the north face in the early morning
or late evening at times close to the
summer solstice.
South face
The south face of a building receives the
greatest variation of daylight. During the
summer, the high angle of incident
sunlight managed with blinds or a
modest overhang to block direct sun
from the sky. low angle sunlight in the
winter results in the deepest penetration
of light into the building.
East face
The east face receives direct sunlight in the
morning at an angle that increases from
horizontal to vertical as the sun rises
overhead. Morning sunlight is limited by
operable blinds or shades . the sun is high
enough in the sky to stop direct penetration,
the remaining light from the sky is similar to
northern light.
West face
The west face is the opposite of the east face,
receiving north sky-like light in the morning
and direct sunlight of a decreasing angle from
noon to sunset.
Contoso Ltd.
9
Add a footer
 Glazing products available with a wide range of light transmitting characteristics
Glazing
Visible Light Transmittance Insulating Properties

• The visible light transmittance of a material (denoted as VT or Tvis)
is the percentage of light that passes through it.
• North-facing glazing, windows used for views typically
• Have a high VT.
• South-facing glazing may require a lower VT to control the light
intensity and minimize heat gain from direct sunlight.
Solar Heat Gain
• Glazing typically has lower insulating values than exterior wall
assemblies.
• Large amounts of glazing that utilizes daylighting increase heat
gain in summer and heat loss in winter, possibly negating the
energy savings
• The insulating properties of window assemblies are rated using
a U-factor, which is a measurement of the conduction of heat
through the assembly.

• Visible light represents approximately 46 percent of the energy of direct sunlight.

• In southern climates, glazing that passes much of the visible spectrum but blocks
IR and UV is generally preferred. In northern climates the heat gain from IR and
UV may offset heating requirements during winter days. Contoso Ltd.
10
 Roof monitors Clerestories
The upper portion
The raised section of
of a wall containing
a building’s roof
openings to admit
containing
daylight into a
clerestory windows.
building

Sidelighting

Daylight entering a
space through
Daylighting design windows.

Skylight Toplighting
A window Daylight entering
installed in the a space through
roof or ceiling. skylights.

Contoso Ltd.
11
Add a footer
Top lighting
• Skylights should be evenly distributed and should
cover between 2 percent and 6 percent of the
roof.
• The exact number of skylights will depend on
their size, the illuminance target, the skylight’s
efficiency, and desired uniformity.

• There are two approaches to toplighting.

• The first, when the roof and ceiling are minimally
separated, is to use skylights and/or roof
monitors.
• The second, when there is a larger separation
between the roof and the ceiling, is the use of a
light tube.
Contoso Ltd.
12
Add a footer
 Top lighting
• Light tubes, or light pipes, are used to
overcome separation between the roof and
the space being illuminated.
• Light pipes are made of highly reflective
material that can efficiently conduct light 20’
or more, even around bends

• Sawtooth roof monitors and clerestories fall between

skylights, which admit light from above, and windows,
which admit light from the side.
• Light from sawtooth monitors and clerestories is
admitted at or near the ceiling, but has a partial
sideways distribution.
• designed to face north, admitting light from the sky and
sunlight reflected off of the roof.

Contoso Ltd.
13
Add a footer
 Side lighting

• A light shelf is a horizontal platform that reflects incoming sunlight to the
ceiling, where it is reflected and diffused deeper into the room.
• It splits the window into two halves. The upper half is glazed to admit
light, and the lower half is glazed for views.
• Top of the light shelf should be a highly reflective material to maximize
the light that is redirected, although specular materials should be
avoided because they can create excessively bright ceiling areas that may
be a source of glare.
• Sidelighting with simple windows, the general rule of thumb is
that the daylight will penetrate into the room a distance 1.5 to
twice the head height of the window.
• Shows that using a window alone gives a fairly rapid drop-off in
illuminance level.

• These monitors have glazing on more than one side.

• The additional glazing admits more daylight than clerestories, and the
resulting light is less directional.
• However, they can have the added complication of admitting direct
sunlight if not carefully shielded or shaded.
Contoso Ltd.
14
Add a footer
The introduction of natural ventilation
Natural ventilation is the process of supplying air to and removing air from an indoor space without using mechanical
systems. It refers to the flow of external air to an indoor space as a result of pressure differences arising from natural
forces.

14

Natural ventilation Ventilation Design Location Eco

Primarily affects the The process by which
facades, the 'clean' air (normally
roof/silhouette, and the outdoor air) is intentionally
layout and organisation of provided to a space and
the interior spaces. stale air is removed. This is
the uncontrolled flow of air
into a space through
adventitious or
unintentional gaps and
cracks in the building
envelope.
Designing a naturally The overall airflow Reduce the uses of
ventilated building is more direction in a building, electricity and safe money
difficult than designing a which should be from for the maintenance which
similarvbut mechanically clean zones to dirty zones; is cheaper . Natural is good
ventilated building. An and air distribution or for health and mind .
interdisciplinary approach airflow pattern at the
from the initial stages of external air should be
design is mandatory for delivered to each part of
achieving successful the space in an efficient Contoso Ltd.
natural ventilation manner. 15
concepts.
 The theory of natural ventilation
When there is a difference between outdoor and indoor temperature, ventilation can be
accomplished by natural means. Strategically placed windows make use of prevailing winds to
allow ventilation, bringing in fresh air while removing warm or stale air. Ventilation also has an
impact on heating and cooling.

Natural Techniques Style

Sustainable, energy- The effectiveness of Natural ventilation

efficient and clean
technology that is well
accepted by occupants. It
can be used to provide
fresh air for occupants as
necessary, to maintain
acceptable air quality
levels and to cool buildings
in cases where climatic
conditions allow.
natural ventilation are
determined by the
prevailing outdoor
conditions and
microclimate as well as by
building design and
building use.
performance depends
greatly on the design
process and needs to be
designed together with the
building. This paper
introduces a natural
ventilation design process.
Contoso Ltd.
16
Add a footer
Detail on theory of natural ventilation
A great natural ventilations can give a lot benefits in terms of health ,
money and eco system

Window placement

• The height and opening directionwill affect the degree to which a

window can take advantage of prevailing winds.
• Windows that either open inward, outward or slide will affect the
amount of air that can be captured.
• Ventilation has an impact on heating and cooling.
• Know the patterns of Prevailing winds.
• Identify wind flow patterns around the building.
• Account for site elements such as vegetation, hills or neighbouring
buildings which will impact breezes.
• Orient fenestration and choose a style that catches and directs the
wind as required
Contoso Ltd.
17
Add a footer
Stacks effect and cross ventilation

 Stack effect is achieved by placing some windows at lower levels (in the
basement or at floor level), while others are placed at higher levels (at
ceiling height or on the top floor).
 The lighter, warm air is displaced by the heavier, cool air entering the
building, leading to natural ventilation. This warm/light interaction acts as
The greater the temperature difference, the stronger the air flow
generated.

 Cross ventilation occurs between windows on different exterior wall

elevations.
 Patio and screen doors are also effective for cross ventilation.
 In areas that experience unwanted solar gain, operable clerestory windows
or ceiling/roof space vents can aid with ventilation and cooling

Place windows where it is possible to achieve either stack effect or cross ventilation
Contoso Ltd.
where required. Use appropriate window style to achieve desired effect. 18
Add a footer
Wind movement

Contoso Ltd.
19
Add a footer
○ I find out that natural ventilation is necessary in buildings to
remove 'stale' air and replace it with 'fresh' air to reduce the
accumulation of moisture, odours and other gases that can
build up during occupied periods. Create air movement which
improves the comfort of occupants.
○ Other than that , when you have a good ventilation system in
place, you have no control of the air flow in your building. Too
much fresh air can mean costly energy bills, which is why good
ventilation helps control the air, while regulating to the
required health and safety levels.
○ In architecture to achieve the sustainable design ,natural
daylight is a crucial component in determining sustainable
building and the quality of an indoor environment .
○ Sucessful design of healty building is controlling the natural
lighting and ventilation and distribute in spaces accordingl to Summary
their needs
○ Sustainable design has been incredibly successful; because the Both natural lighting and natural ventilation is
design of sustainable development of great significance for the related to each other when designing a great
return of human nature. It is a most important change in the comfort design to achieve the sustainable
future. According to the design trend design

Contoso Ltd.
20
Add a footer
Book reference

Contoso Ltd.
21
Add a footer
Contoso Ltd.

Thank You
Muhammasd Syahmizzat bin Murad
011-55016708
msyahmizzat@gmail.com