SOFT TISSUE

INJURIES

1. Wound
2. Burn
 Intended Learning Outcomes:
At the end of the session the students will
be able to:
1. Discuss the First Aid Management for Open
Wound and Close Wound.
2. Classify the different types of Open Wounds.
3. Explain the First Aid Management for Burn
(Thermal, Chemical, Electrical)
Wound
 WOUND- is a break in the
continuity of a tissue of the
body either internal or
external

Two classifications of
WOUND
1. Closed wound

2. Open wound
 Closed Wound
Causes:
 Blunt objects

resulting in
contusion or
bruises
 Application of

external forces
 Signs and Symptoms of
Closed Wound
 Pain &Tenderness  Vomitting or cough-
 Swelling up blood
 Discoloration  Passage of blood in
 Hematoma the urine or feces
 Uncontrolled  Sign of blood along
restlessness
mouth, nose and
 Thirst
ear
 Symptoms of shock
First Aid Management for Closed
Wound

I Ice application
C Compression
E Elevation
S Splinting
 Open Wound
 In an open wound, the
outer layer of skin is
broken. The break in
the skin can be as
minor as a scrape of
the surface layers or
as severe as a deep
penetration
 Classifications of Open Wound
Causes Characteristics

Puncture Penetrating pointed

instrument such as nails,
Deep and narrow
serious or slight
ice picks, daggers, etc. bleeding.
Scrapping or rubbing Shallow, wide,
Abrasion against rough surfaces. oozing of blood, dirty
Blunt instruments such as Torn with irregular
Laceration shrapnel's,rocks, broken edges, serious or
glasses, etc. slight bleeding

Avulsion Explosion, animal bites,

mishandling of tools, etc.
Tissue forcefully
separated from the
body

Incision Sharp bladed instruments Clean cut, deep,

such as blades, razors, etc. severe bleeding,
wound is clean.
Puncture Abrasions
 Avulsion

Lacerations
Incision
 Dangers of Open Wound
Hemorrhage
Infection

Shock
 First Aid Management for
Open Wound With Severe Bleeding

C- Control Bleeding
C- Cover the wound
C- Care for shock
C- Call or refer to physician
 First Aid Management
Wound With Bleeding Not Severe
(Home Care)
 Clean the wound with soap and water.
 Apply mild antiseptics.
 Cover wound with dressing and
bandage.
 BURN

Are injuries to the skin

and to other body tissues
that is cause by heat ,
chemicals , electricity or
radiations
 Common Causes of Burn
1. Carelessness with match and cigarette
smoking.
2. Scald from hot liquid.
3. Defective heating, cooking and electrical
equipment.
4. Immersion in overheated bath water.
5. Use of such chemicals such as lye, strong
acids and strong detergents.
 Types of BURN Injuries
1. Thermal burns
2. Chemical Burns
3. Electrical burns
 Thermal Burns
Not all thermal burns are caused by
flames. Contact with hot objects,
flammable vapor that ignites and
causes a flash or an explosion, and
steams or hot liquid are other
common causes of burns.
 Factors to Determine the
Seriousness of Thermal Burns

1. The depth
1st degree – superficial thickness burn
2nd degree – partial thickness burn
3rd degree – full thickness burn
2. The Extent to the affected Body Surface
Area-Rule of Nine, Rule of Palm
3. Location of the Burns
4. Victim’s Age and Medical Condition
 Care for THERMAL BURN
First and Second Degree Burn
 Relieve pain by immersing the burned
area in cold water or by applying a wet,
cold cloth. If cold water is unavailable,
use any cold liquid you drink to reduce
the burned skin’s temperature.
 Care for THERMAL BURN
Third Degree Burn
 Cover the burn with a dry, non-
sticking, sterile dressing or a clean
cloth.
 Treat the victim for shock by
elevating the legs and keeping the
victim warm with a clean sheet or
blanket.
 Chemical Burn
Chemicals will continue
to cause tissue
destruction until the
chemical agent is
removed.
 Care for CHEMICAL BURN
 Immediately remove the chemical by
flushing with water.
 Remove the victim’s contaminated

clothing while flushing with water.

 Flush for 20 mins. or longer. Let the

victim wash with mild soap before a final

rinse.
 Care for CHEMICAL BURN

 Cover the burned area with a dry

dressing or for large areas use
clean pillowcase.
 If the chemical is in the eye, flush

it for 20mins. using low pressure.

 Seek medical attention immediately

for all chemical burns.

 Electrical Burn
The injury/severity from exposure to
electrical current depends on the type
of current (direct or alternating), the
voltage, the area of the body exposed
and the duration of contact.
 Care for Electrical Burns
 Unplug, disconnect, or turn off the
power. If that is impossible call the
Power Company or ask for help
 Check the ABCs (Airway, Breathing,
Circulation). Provide Rescue
Breathing or Cardiopulmonary
Resuscitation if needed
 Care for Electrical Burns
 If the victim fell, check for spine injury
 Treat the victim for shock
 Seek medical attention immediately.
Electrical injuries are treated in burn
centers.
Assessment of Surface Area Burn
Rule of Nine -- Adults
Assessment of Surface Area Burn
Rule of Palm for Children