Concrete Mix Design

IS:10262
 Concrete

• Concrete is a mixture of Cement, sand (Fine aggregates), Coarse

aggregates water in required proportions. The Mixture when placed in
forms and allowed to cure becomes hard like stone.
• It is the most widely used man made material used for construction.
 Types of Concrete Mixes
• NOMINAL MIX: Mixes of fixed proportions, IS:456-2000 permits nominal mixes for
concretes of strength M20 or lower.

• DESIGN MIX: Designed on the basis of requirements of the concrete in fresh and
hardened states.
 Nominal Mix
• In the past the specifications for concrete prescribed the proportions of
cement, fine and coarse aggregates. These mixes of fixed cement-
aggregate ratio which ensures adequate strength are termed nominal
mixes.
• However, due to the variability of mix ingredients the nominal concrete
for a given workability varies widely in strength.
• The mixes of grades M10, M15, M20 and M25 correspond approximately
to the mix proportions (1:3:6), (1:2:4), (1:1.5:3) and (1:1:2) respectively.
 CONCRETE MIX DESIGN

• “Mix Design means, determination of the proportion of the concrete

ingredients i.e. Cement, Water, Fine Aggregate, Coarse Aggregate which
would produce concrete possessing specified properties such as
workability, strength and durability with maximum overall economy.”
 Data Required for the Mix Design
• Grade Designation.
• Maximum nominal size of aggregates.
• Minimum cement content
• Maximum water cement ratio
• Workability
• Exposure conditions as per Table 4 and table 5 of IS456
 MIX DESIGN BASED ON IS
RECOMMENDATIONS
• Based on IS 10262:2009
• Procedure:
Step-1 Target mean strength of mix design:
ft = fck + KS or ft = fck+X (Higher from the two values)
where fck = characteristic compressive strength at 28 days
S = standard deviation
K = a statistical value depending on the risk factor. (1.65 as per IS456)
X = Factor based on grade of concrete.
Assumed standard Deviation
• Table 1 IS10262:2009
Sr. No. Grade of Concrete Assumed standard
Deviation (N/mm2)
1. M10 3.5
2. M15 3.5
3. M20 4
4. M25 4
5. M30 5
6. M35 5
7. M40 5
8. M45 5
9. M50 5
10. M55 5
M30 Mix Design

• Step-1 Target mean strength

f t = fck + KS
= 30 + 1.65 *5 = 38.25 N/mm2
ft = target mean compressive strength at 28 days.
fck = characteristic compressive strength of concrete at 28 days.
K = usually 1.65 (IS456:2000)
S = standard deviation = 5 (M30)
Step-2 Selection of Water Cement Ratio
Continued……..

• Further the selection of water content influenced by following factors

• Aggregate size
• Shape
• Workability
• Admixture
• Environmental condition
In the Table above the water content is for
 Angular coarse aggregates
 -10kg for sub angular aggregates
 -10kg for gravel with some crushed particles
 -25kg for rounded gravel
 slump 25-50mm, increase by 3% for every additional slump of
25mm.
 -5 to -10% for water reducing admixtures
 -20% for superplasticizers
 Coarse Aggregate Proportions

• Table 3 is for water cement ratio 0.5, proportion may be suitably

adjusted for other water cement ratio (@-or +0.01 for every change in
water cement ratio of 0.05)
• For given workability, the volume of coarse aggregate depends upon
its nominal maximum size and grading zone of fine aggregates
• Reduce the estimated CA content by 10% if pumping is to be done.
 Quantities by Volume
•  Volume of Cement = (Mass of Cement/ Sp. Gravity of cement)*1/1000
= = 0.165meter cube
Similarly
Volume of water = 0.197 meter cube
Aggregates = 1-(0.165+0.197) = 0.638 meter cube
CA = 0.638*0.664 = 0.4236 meter cube
FA = 0.638*0.336 = 0.214 meter cube
Quantity by Mass

• Cement = 518.42 kg
• Water = 197 kg
• CA = 0.4236*2.74*1000 = 1161.76 kg
• FA = 0.214*2.74*1000 = 586.36 kg
Mix calculation Result
Mass of cement Water FA CA
518.42 197 586.36 1161.76
1 0.38 1.13 2.24

Ratio Obtained
1:1.13:2.24
 Estimation of Entrapped Air

• Approximate entrapped air content

Maximum Size of aggregate Entrapped air , as % of
(mm) Volume of Concrete

10 3
20 2
40 1
Step-4 Selection of Water Content and Fine to Total
Aggregate ratio