PRE-WRITING

PROCESS
 Brainstorming
 Respondingto ideas
and concepts related
to the broad concept
and generating
possible topics for the
paper.
 Brainstorming
 Listdown phrases
or ideas that you
think are related
to the broad
concept.
 Brainstorming
 Listdown phrases
or ideas that you
think are related
to the topic even
the bad ones.
 Freewriting
 Writeany idea
that comes to
your mind.
 Freewriting
 This
should be in
sentence or
paragraph form.
 Freewriting
 Write
freely
without thinking
about cohesion
and coherence.
 Freewriting
 Write
freely
without thinking
about cohesion
and coherence.
 Freewriting
 Thishelps you
avoid writer’s
block.
 Freewriting
 Do not edit as you go, or
even look back at what
you have written. Just
keep moving on as
thoughts occur to you. The
purpose of freewriting is to
develop ideas
spontaneously and
 Freewriting
 Get a pen and paper (or
open up a blank
computer document) and
set yourself a time limit.
Start writing about your
general topic, recording
thoughts as they come
into your mind.
 Freewriting
 Get a pen and paper (or
open up a blank
computer document) and
set yourself a time limit.
Start writing about your
general topic, recording
thoughts as they come
into your mind.
 Clustering
 This technique provides
a graphic representation
of your ideas, allowing
you to visualize the
connections and/or
relationships of your
ideas.
 Clustering
 Creating a concept
map is an easy way
to visually represent
the relationships
among your ideas.
 Clustering
 Clustering is the process
of writing down a broad
topic, then creating a
concept map where
different clusters of
related subtopics are
represented visually.
 Clustering
 Clustering is an effective
way to narrow your
focus if your topic is too
broad: you can pick one
branch of your concept
map to focus on, rather
than the large central
topic.
 Clustering
 To make a concept map,
write down your main
topic in the center of a
page, then make
branches and sub-
branches with related
subtopics as you think of
them.
 References:
 https://courses.lumenlear
ning.com/boundless-
writing/chapter/prewritin
g-techniques/
 http://writing2.richmond.
edu/writing/wweb/cluster
.html
Evaluating and Citing
Sources
 Evaluating Sources
 There are many sources of
information electronically or non-
electronically but you should also
keep in mind that not all of these
are accurate, relevant, useful and
valid or credible.
CRITERIA FOR
EVALUATING
SOURCES
1. RELEVANCE OF
THE SOURCE TO
THE RESEARCH
TOPIC
 How well does the source
support the topic?
 You can check the title, table of
contents, summary or abstract,
introduction, or headings of the
text to have a sense of content.
Check for relevance: Which
of the sources would you
pick if you are doing a
research on the Law of
Supply and Demand?
a. An Introduction to Theories
on Economics
b. How to invest and Get Rich
c. 105 Habits of Highly
Effective Businessmen
2. Authority or
Author’s
Qualifications
 Is the author’s name
identified?
 Is the author’s background,
education, or training
related to the topic?
 Is he/she a professor in a
reputable university?
 What are his/her publications?
 Is the contact information of
the author available?
Key ideas
 If the source doesn’t have
an author, think twice
before using it.
 You can check the
university’s website to
make sure that that
professor is associated with
the university.
 Publicationsfrom
professors are usually peer-
reviewed and have
undergone a strenuous
publication process