Coastal afforestation

• How afforestation can help to stabilize the

coastal formation?
• The objectives are
o Protection to the coastal communities against natural
disaster.
o Accelerate the stabilization of newly formed land.
o Production.
o Employment opportunity.
 Land formation
 Process of land formation
1. Formation of sand bar
2. Silt overlay.
3. Lagoon.
4. Filling of the lagoon.
• Land formed, gradually starts bearing plant community.
 Coastal morphology
• Characterized by
• Vast network of river.
• Large number of island between
channels
• Swatch of no ground.
• Located at the north of funnel shaped
and shallow northern bay of Bengal.
• Strong tidal and wind action.
• Tropical cyclones.
 Mangrove ecosystem
• Soil condition:
• Vegetation of mangrove forest:
• Species composition:
o Chakaria sunadarban
o Sundarban.
o Coastal belt.
• The keora forest.
 Coastal afforestation
• Afforestation technique:
• Site selection for species:
• Site condition changes rapidly due to siltation, erosion and
inundation.
• Species recommendation should seriously consider siltation
rate, frequency and inundation.
• Different sites where species can be planted:
1. Berm of embankments:
2. High borrowpits:
3. Low borrowpits:
4. High charland:
5. Low charland:
 Ecological succession
• As a basis for species-site matching.
Successional pattern:
On newly formed land: keora appears first, followed by Avicennia
spp and nypa fruticans. As the ground level arises, sundri appears.
Flat ground
• Sweet water:
• Brackish water:
• Saline water:
On river banks:
• Sweet water:
• Brackish water:
• Saline water:
 Sources of seed
• Seed should be collected from physically superior trees.
• Extreme care while collection of keora seed.

Nursery and plantation technique.

Plantation technique of Keora:
Plantation technique of Sundri:
Plantation technique of Gewa:
 Plantation technique of Sundri
• Climax species
• One of the dominant in both area coverage and forest structure.
• Seed collection:
o Fruit collected in June-July.
o From healthy, vigorous tree.
o Fruits are collected before they fall on ground.
• Seed treatment:
o Seeds are removed from fruit by breaking the carpel.
o Immediately sown on seed bed.
• Nursery technique
o Bed remain submerged for 2-3 hours in a day.
o One year seedling are planted.
• Site selection
o Intermediate areas between high strips along khal and paddy areas.
o Does not prefer regular inundation.
o Well drained soil with low salinity.
• Site preparation
o Site cleared of other vegetation.
o Grasses cut to ground level. Shrubs are cut and slash.
• Planting season:
o Mid August-October.
o Spacing 4’x 4’ (1.22m x 1.22m)
o Mix plantation can be practiced.
• Vacancy filling:
o One year after planting.
o Seedling of 1-2 year age.
• Weeding and clear cutting:
o Regular weeding is needed.
• Thinning:
o Sundri grows quite slowly, so competition is not that much intense.
o Thinning should only be done if needed.
• Protection:
o Against grazing.
o Sanitation cutting in affected plantation.