PURE

MATHEMATIC
S1
QUADRATI
CS
 NATURE OF
  ROOTS
If then roots are real and different
If then roots are real and different, the roots are given by
If then roots are not real
If then roots are real (can be different or equal)
Example:

(Roots are real and different)

 QUADRATIC
INEQUALITIES 
  (x+a) (x-b) 0 (x+a) (x-b) 0
X= -a or b X=-a or b
-a x b xa and xb

-a b -a b
  (x-1)2 9
x2 -2x-8 0
X=4 or x=-2
-2 x

-2 4
 COMPLETING THE
SQUARE
Expressing in form (x+a)2 +b Expressing in form a(x+b)2 +c Expressing in form (ax+b)2 +c
x2 +4x 2x2 +8x+1 4x2-12x-1
a2 +2ab+b2 2(x2 +4x)+1 (2x)2 +(2x)2x+3+3 -3 -1
x2 +2 x x x 2+22 -4 2(x2+2 x x x 2+22-22 )+1 (2x+3)2-9-1
(x+2)2 -4 2((x+2)2 -4)+1 (2x+3)2-10
2(x+2)2 -8 +1
2(x+2)2 -7
 REDUCING EQUATIONS
TO QUADRATIC
EQUATIONS
  If the equation given in the question isn’t quadratic we can change it into one
by correctly substituting For example if a equation consists of x and then we
should convert it into x2 And x respectively and then solve it

 
X6-9 x3+8 = 0
Let y = x3 And y2 = x6
Y2- 9y + 8
Y=8 or y=1
x3=8 or x3=1
X= or x1
 Y= a(x+b)2 +c y=c - a(x+b)2
Line of symmetry=-b Line of symmetry=-b
Minimum point on graph is (-b,c) Maximum point on graph is (-b,c)

Minimum point (-b,c) Maximum point (-b,c)

TRIGNOMET
RY
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TRIGNOMETRIC RATIOS
AND IDENTITIES
   
Sine(sin)= tan θ=
Cosine(cos)= θ=
Tangent (tan)= sin2 θ + cos2 θ = 1
 FINDING OUT
ANGLES
Rules:
Angles are always made from the x-axis
They are calculated in an anti-clockwise direction starting from
the first quadrant till you reach the ray of an angle
Angles will be made in the quadrants according to their sign.
For example if sin θ= 0.75 then θ will be made in the first and
second quadrant but if sin θ= -0.75 then the angle will be made
in the third or fourth quadrant

An easy way to remember which trigonometric ratio is positive

in which quadrant is the phrase “ Silver Tea Cups” where S is for
Sin, T for Tan and C for Cos.
 Sin graph
• Y= asin bx +c
• Where each cycle is
• Graph starts from c to c+a to c-a
• The graph shown is for y=sinx
a=1 c=0 b=1
c+a =0+1 =1
c-a= 0-1= -1
each cycle is
 Cosine graph
 
Y= acos bx +c
• Where each cycle is
• Graph starts from c+a to c-a then comes back to
c+a
• The graph shown is for y=cosx
a=1 c=0
c+a =0+1 =1
c-a= 0-1= -1
each cycle is
 Tan graphs

• Y= c+ atanbx
• Where each cycle is
• The graph shown is for y=tan x
• c=0 a=1
• c+a= 1
• C-a=-1
CIRCLE
THEOREM
S
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 FORMULAS
  Length of Arc=r
Perimeter of sector=r +2r
Area of sector =2
1 rad= 57.3
 𝜃
Rad=180
2 rad=360
Equation of a circle with centre (0,0) and radius r is x2+y2= r2
Equation of a circle with centre ( and radius r ((x- )2+(y- )2=r2
General equation of a circle is ax2+ay2+2gx+2fy+c=0
centre and radius
Equation of a circle with and as the extreme vertices of the
diameter (x- )(x- )+(y- )(y- )=0
COORDINA
TE
GEOMETRY
 FORMULAS
 Gradient is the slope of the graph.
Parallel lines have the same gradient while perpendicular lines gradients multiply to give product of -1.’
Gradient of a horizontal line is zero and a gradient of vertical line is not there.
Gradient :

Midpoint is the coordinate midway between two point on a line

Midpoint: (

Length of a line segment:

Equation of a line : / -
where m is gradient and c is the y-intercept

Angle of a straight line with the x-axix : Tan θ =m

SERIES
 SERI
ES
Binomial Arithmetic Geometric
Theory Progression Progression
 BINOMIAL EXPANSION

 
With the help of the Binomial Theorem we can expand expressions such as (a+b)ⁿ very
quickly
(a+b)ⁿ :)

Example:
)

Coefficient of
Coefficient of
 ARITHMETIC
PROGRESSION
When the difference between two consecutive terms in a sequence is same it is
called as arithmetic progression
3,6,9,12 : Difference = 3
20,15,10 : Difference = -5
Subtracting two consecutive terms will always give the same answer
6-3 = 3 9-6=3
 FORMULA AND
EXAMPLE
 If first term of the sequence is denoted by “a” and the difference
between successive terms is “d”.
Then to find nth term:
a + (n-1)d
To find sum of n terms
(2a+ (n-1)d)
2,5,8, d=3 and a=2
To find 4th term
a+(n-1)d = 2+(( 4 - 1 ) x 3) = 11
To find sum of all 4 terms at once
(2a+ (n-1)d) = (2x2 + ( 4 – 1 ) x 3) = 26
 GEOMETRIC
PROGRESSION
 Instead of a common difference between terms like in
arithmetic progression, in geometric progression two
consecutive terms have a common ratio.

For example:
10000,1000,100,10 Common ratio = 0.1
Dividing successive term from the preceding term
will always give the same answer
=0.1 =0.1
 
FORMULA AND
If first term of the sequence is denoted by “a” and the common ratio is denoted by “r”
Then to find nth term:
To find sum of n terms : if r > 1
EXAMPLE
and if r < 1
To find sum of infinity terms (only possible if ratio is less than 1):

27, 18, 12,…

To find 4th term:
(ratio)
Fourth term = = 8
Sum of 4 terms: = 65
Sum of infinity: = 81
FUNCTION
S
 DOMAIN AND RANGE

    F-1(x)= +a
F(x)=a (x+b)2+c
Range c Domain -c
F(x)=c-a (x+b)2 F-1(x)=a-
Range c Domain

Domain of f(x)=Range of F-1(x)

Range of f(x)=Domain of F-1(x)
 ONE TO ONE
FUNCTIONS
  F(x)=4x+2
F(x)=4x+2  one to one function and If x=0 y=2
inverse exists for it If y=0 x=-0.5
H(x)=2x  not a one to one function
2
F-1(x)=
and no inverse exists for it If x=0 y=-0.5
If y=0 x= 2

the relationship between f(x) and f-1(x) us

reflection on the line y=x
DIFFERENTIATIO
N
 INTRODUCTION
 
Differentiation helps people solve real world problems as it can be
used to determine the maximum and minimum values of functions

If then
If
then
 FINDING
GRADIENT OF A
  CURVE
Differentiating the equation of the curve and substituting respective
x and y values gives the gradient of the curve at that point
Gradient of curve at (-1,14)

4(-1)-3 = -7 =m
 STATIONARY
VALUES
 Differentiating can also be used to find the stationary point of a curve i.e where the gradient of the curve is
zero and then differentiating it again can be used to find the nature of the stationary point (whether its
minimum or maximum)
To find stationary value of curve
and
So 4x-3=0

Its nature can be determined by differentiating .If is >0 then the it’s a minimum point on the curve and if
is < 0 then it’s a maximum point on the curve
So
Since then 3
3>0 so the point is a minimum point
 RATE
 

Water at a constant rate flows into a container. When

the depth of water is h cm the volume of water V is
given by V= Water flows into the container at 2 per
second.What is the rate of change of depth when
h=6?
=
INTEGRATIO
N
 INTRODUCTION

 
Integration is very important as it helps us solve various real world problems. In
maths, one of the applications is finding the area and volume under the graphs.
->
->
->

-> = [-[ = 2.333

1
 AREA AND
VOLUME UNDER
 
A CURVE
Area =
Volume (Rotation of 360 about x-axis =

a b