LESSON 4:

SEPARATING SOLID,
LIQUIDS AND
GASEOUS MIXTURES.
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS

1.What is Distillation? Fractional

Distillation?

2.How does stirring affects solubility of

solids?

3.What happens when solid and liquid

components are separated?
-Scientist often need to separate the
components of mixtures.

-Separation techniques for solids,

liquids, and gaseous mixtures are
applied in order to obtain a
substance that has combine
physically in a mixtures.
SEPARATING LIQUIDS

- Liquid often occur as solutions of

one liquid combined with another
or of a solid combined with a liquid.
The components can be separated
through the following.
1.DISTILLATION

- In the simplest kind of distillation, only the solvent

vaporizes and the impurities remain as liquid or may
even solidify .

- Desalinization of water is an example of simple

distillation, where a salt solution is placed in flask
and boiled, water evaporates then condensed in the
distillation setup then the salt remains in the flask.
DISTILLATION PROCESS
2. FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION

- It is used to separate a mixtures of liquids

such as crude oil Each of the of the liquid in
the mixtures boils at a different temperature
than the rest.

- In the laboratory, fractional distillation is

achieved using a fractional column and a
Liebig condenser.
LIEBIG CONDENSER MODEL
3. CHROMATOGRAPHY

- It is another techniques in which a

solution is separated into its parts by
passing through a special kind of material.

- The various substance dissolved in the

solution move at different speeds through
the material .
SEPARATING GASES

- One of the best ways of separating mixtures of

gases is by lowering the temperature of the
gas mixtures until it becomes liquid This
process is also known as Liquefaction.

- By heating the liquid mixtures the individual

gases can be separated easily and collected
also through fractional distillation.
LIQUEFACTION DIAGRAM
SEPRATING SOLIDS

- An accurate process of separating a mixtures

of solids is more difficult that the process of
separating liquids and gaseous mixtures.

- It is rare that one part of the mixtures can be

picked up or using a magnets to attached the
magnetic substance and separated the non-
metallic.
- The only way to separate solids is to turn
them into liquids like acids that can
dissolved one or more solids.

- Leaching is extracting minerals from

solids. May be done through leaching.
EXAMPLE OF LEACHING
OTHER EXAMPLES OF SEPARATING COMPONENTS OF
SOLID MATERIALS
Let’s discuss Breaking through link on page
52.

Please do your homework on page 53 A&B

only. Lets check tomorrow on our conference.

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